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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  IMotes/Notfti  techniques  et  bibliograph 


iques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  -nay  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommag^e 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverturs  restaur^e  et/ou  pelliculde 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


a 


□ 


D 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli*  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 
Lareliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distorsion  ie  long  de  la  marge  interieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajouties 
lors  dune  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  iti  filmdes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplementaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
quil  lui  a  ete  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-etre  uniques  du 
pomt  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite.  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dessous. 

□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

□    Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurees  et/ou  pelliculdes 


'y\    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
—    Pages  d6color6es,  tachet6es  ou  piquees 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachees 

QShowthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

I      I    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
L_J    Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

□    Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

0    Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  6t6  film^es  i  nouveau  de  facon  a 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 
Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqut^  ci-dessous. 
^°^  14X 18X  22X 


"T 


12X 


16X 


20X 


26X 

1 


30X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  iogibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ♦-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  fn  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  d  la 
g6n6ro8it6  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiquos  du  Canada 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6x6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettetd  de  l'exemplaire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exempiaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exempiaires 
origiriaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symboie  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tabieaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Stre 
filmds  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd.  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  6  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  sn  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Com M\ M.I, It  \V.  S.  Mlll.I'lS  ,  r.S.  N.,  li.MMAMii.K  C  1(1  I.I  \  K 1. 1. 1 1,1   !■: 


Xll-.lil  I  I'lN,  1SS4. 


REPORT 


0» 


WaNFIELD  S.  SCHLEY, 

COMMA NI>KH,   U.  S.  NAVY, 


COMMANDINO 


GREELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION 


18  8  4. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT   PRINTING  OFFICE. 

1887. 


J 


O 


y 


^'/S3 


•7. 


THE  GREELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


U.  S.  S.  Thetis, 

Hon.  Wm.  E.  Chandler, 

Secretary  uf  the  Ncwu. 
Sir: 

In  obedience  to  your  order  of  February  18,  assiLminc  mo  to  tl.r, 
command  of  the  Greoly  Relief  Expedition  of '  188  '  Tn.?^^  d  „ 
your  communication  of  that  date,  following:  i"^'i^*^ted  in 

Navy  Depaktment, 

relief  exp/ditions.     y2  l7f^Ztl         ti^a        Tn  "'  ^'■^'"  ''^''^'"^'"''' '""' 
w..ieh  -aybe  designed forthL::^S„t.i^;c:::^S;r^         "^!'^  ^""^^ 

steps  which  ought  to  ..0  take     Uive   uc"  lo^h:  ""Sr''  "''  ''^"^-^  '^"^ 

to  time  make  to  the  Department  a  I  «nl    f  "'" '^^P*'''!'*'""  y"U  will  from  time 

occur  to  you  as  useful  orTm^xintl      ''  "  ""'  recommendations  which  may 
Very  respectfully, 

W.  E,  CHANDLER, 
Commander  Winfield  S   Schley,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Washington. 

the  f(  )lIowing  letters  were  addressed  to  the  several  rhi^e     e  r» 

r/,e<ts,  w.th  a  crew  of  35  people  (officers  and  men). 

8 


4  (IHKKI.V   KK?,IKF  EXl'XDITloK. 

Pror,  with  a  crow  <if  !!."i  jn'oplc  (olllfcrs  iiixl  uipti/. 

Ali'rl,  with  II  erfw  (if  10  iK'npIc  (oIllrci-M  ami  ini-n). 

I{)'iit  liiliK  (■•'•'•'iiiiliiil,  ill)  iiilililioii  Id  cue))  vi'NHrl  iif  'jri  (Iokh  ninl  ii  ilut;  ilrivrr  »lll 
(Mciir. 

Oil  hoard  (hi'  'I'ht  lin  Mini  lliiir  thrir  will  hi'  ii  crew  nl'  'JH  l'llli^'l<'ll  ini'ii,  with  lah'H. 
Ms'fiilliiWH:  I  |M'lt.v  iitlicc'iM  (c|iiititiiiiiiistri-s  and  hiialswaln'M  iiiattn),  10  Mciiiin'ii.  1 
iHiilcr-iiiakiT,  I  lilacksiiiilh,  1  fai|n'ntt'r'H  mate,  :i  llitiiicii,  1  iiiachiniKt,  1  nhip's 
('(Kik,  I  iiIHci'I'h'  t'iH>k,  I  iil1lt'«'i's'  sti'Wai'd,  'i  KHi|uilliali.\.  I  rii|>laiii  of  huld  and  .vni- 
man,  I  iic  niaritcr. 

On  hiiai'd  the  Alert  thiTP  will  )«•  a  crew  of  'Jiii'iilmtcil  iiii'ii.  ThcHanic  ratiiinH  will 
exist,  cxcrpt  (hf  iminhcr  of  llri'iiicn  will  he  incrcasid  to  (!  and  scaim'H  to  I','. 

ThcM'  ini'ii  should,  as  far  as  |irartiiahlc,  Ik'  hoinonciu  imis  in  nalimialilv,  SwimIcm 
iind  Noiwi'niaiis  prclVricd,  after  Aiiifiiiaiis,  ;ind  they  should  nndei^land  in  ship- 
ping thai  cviTv  man  will  1m'  tailed  upon  for  any  and  every  duly  incident  to  Ihc 
Ht'rvicf. 

Very  respeel fully, 

W.  S.  SCIII.KY,  (•ommiiiiilcr,  U.  S.  A'., 

i'lDiniKniiliiii/  (iiir'n  liclivf  h'.xiH'tlilioii. 

Cninmodore  KakI,  IOmiMSII, 

Chief  iif  Hiitriiii  nf  Hiiiii'iniii  lit  mid  liiriiiiliiiij. 


WashinciTun,  I).  C.  Fehriiaru  II).  IK8I. 
SiH  :  1  have  the  honor  to  retpiest  that  you  will  forward  to  New  York  hy  IherirsI 
of  April  next,  for  use  on  hoard  the  three  ships  of   the  (ireely  Helief  Kxpedilion,  the 
followinjj:  articles,  viz,  thirty-six  Sprinnlicld  rilles,  ei^ditceii  ilouhlc-harreled  lowl- 
iiii;  pieces,  of  the  simplest   hreeili  loailiii^;  mechanism,  and  of  the  type  liest  isuiled 
for  the  expedition. 
For  each  ship  the  same  ipiantity  of  ammunition  as  furnished  the  IfodKcrs, 
Also  a  suflicient  (|uanlity  of  live-iHiund  charges  of  gunpowder  and  j;\in-cotton,  to 
he  |ire|)ared  for  usi>  in  hlastiuK, 
\'crv  respect  fully, 

VV.  S,  Sl'III,KY.('())(M;ir,;i(/(r.  r.  .S'.  .v.. 

i'i>iniii(iii(lhiij  (Inrli/  liilirj  E.fjHililioii. 
Commodore  Sic.Md), 

( 'liivf  (>/  liiircdii  iif  Oriliiiiiivc. 


Wasiiinhton.  D.  C  Fi'hnwnj  1!).  1884. 

Slli :  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  the  (Ireeley  Kelief  Ex)ti'ditioii  will  hi; 
composed  of  three  vessels,  as  follows  : 

TIaiis.  with  a  crew  of  li.l  people  (ollicers  and  men). 

licKV,  with  a  crew  of  Ii."!  people  (ollicers  and  men). 

Alert,  with  a  crew  of  40  peoi>Ie  (otticor.s  and  men). 

Heaching  llreeidand,  an  addition  to  each  vessel  of  2.T  dogs  and  a  dou'  driver  will 
oi'cur. 

Will  you  please  make  otit  an  allowance  of  provisions  for  1 1")  men  for  a  peri(Nl  of 
two  full  years. 

The  stores  for  each  ship  to  lie  in  as  small  packages  as  possihle  and  in  accordance 
with  the  list  suggested  hy  Chief  Engineer  !\Ielville. 

The  cloth  clothing  and  over-clothing  for  the  expedition  should  1h'  made  at  the  navy- 
vard,  New  York,  and  will  you  please  authorize  the  officer  in  charge  to  take  nieas- 


(iKKKI.V    KKIJKK   KXI'KDITKtN.  It 

::rt';;.t:;;";::7;::;:.:: "^ '"''  "^  """""• """ '"  •" "  *"  —«—''.. 

tiJ'.T  M  I"  '■',"*'''"»^'' ;•"'""•  "'■  ■•"""'"•"•  -"•  '"rilH...,  Hh„ul.l  U.  .,l„ai„..,i  ,.,  omv,  an.l 

KltoHt.pwon  l«,ar.l;om.y.'arH..|„thinj,'l..l«.  l,ul...|f„rst.>wnK.' 
.S.'V..Mty-tlv..  ,,ai.H  .,f  ( •uim.litti,  H,u.w-sh,H.«  will  1h.  r..,,uir...l  IV.r  tlu-  ,.x|...,lifi.,„ 
Very  reaiR'ctfully,  ' 

W.  H.  HCm.KY,  CoiiniHiinl.r,  /'.  .s.  A'.. 
..  ( 'omnia iiiliiit/  (Inrhi  liclifr  K.nMililiim 

l'ayi.ia.st.T-(J..n.ral.I.  A.  Smith,  '  "V ''.'V«"imm. 

Chuf  „/  lliirmii  of  J 'roriHums  aiut  Vluthing, 


SIU:  Ihuvotho  honor  to   .nforn.  you  that  thMfr.rly  lidiof  Kx,H.,litio,.  will 
comiKxseil  of  thn...  v..,ss..l.s,  «h  follows  : 

TVie/is,  witli  a  crow  of  ;!,-,  |„.„i,|,.  (ofliu-rs  ami  iiiou). 

Hfdi;  Willi  a  •  rcw  of  ;(,-»  pcopl,.  (oUkcrs  and  nicn). 

Alert,  with  a  crew  of  .|() , |,|,,  („(iiccr,s  and  men) 

^^  Reaching  Oruenhmd,  an  a.ldition  to  each  vessel  of  -5  .logs  and  ii  dog  driver  w 

Will  yon  please  authorize  the  proix-r  i-crsons  to  ,,r..p«r..  the  medical  outfit  fur  I 
Han.e.tol.o  securely  packed  for  .U.livcryat  the  navy-vard,  New  York  r..„lv  f 
stowing  on  hoard,  not  later  than  Ajiril  1,  188  J. 

The  supplies  should  cover  a  per;,«l  of  at  lejist  tlireeyoarH. 
Very  respi'ctfillly, 

W.S.  St'IILEY,  VoiiimiDiilir,  U.  S.  N.. 

y,,,.  „.,-,.       „  ^'<»ii>ini"'H»>l<l>ivl!i  liilivf  Hxtu'ilili,,,,. 

.Suineoii  \\,  K.  Van  Rkvi-kn, 

AHiiKj  Chiifuf  tiiimia  of  Mofivitw  ami  Siiiy,'n/. 


he 


ill 


Si  I.  I  lease  furnish  for..a..h  of  the   three  ships  of  the  (ireely  Kelief  Expedition 

he   lollown.K  l«,ats,  vi/. :  5  whale-hoats,  (itted  with  hilge  keels  (-Jl  and  2H  feet)-  ■■ 

1.    feet  ice  dories,  fitted  as  per  .Irawing  sent  you;  -  ice  loho..ans,  (llte.l  as    per 

drawing  sent  you.     i)  sle.lges,  for  trailing  over  ice  an.l  snovN-  (two  „f  8  feet   o„e 

ol   U  feet,  fitted  with  reversihle  runners). 

All  lH,ats  to  iH.titt..,!  with  oars  and  pa.ldles;  thole-pins  to  U-  of  w.K.d    will,  'i 
ininiher  s|,are  for  each  boat.  >.  "uii.i 

\'ery  resi)uctfully, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commawler,  U.  S.  K, 
('oiKiiiaiidiiKj  Orcilji  liclii'f  Kr/u'ilition. 
Cliief  Naval  Constructor,  T.  D.  Wilson, 

Vliicf  of  liiuran  of  Coustniclioii  and  liep<ur. 


„     .  ,  . ,  ,       ,  .„  Washington.  D.  C,  Fehrum-y  25,  1884. 

lief  K^.l.       "'  '';."•""■''' '^.  ""•'"<"-">"l-"n  of  elothing  re,,uire.l  for  the  (Jreelv  Re 
lief  Ex|K.,lition.  re(..rred  to  m  n.y  letter  of  the  l!)lh  iiisUuit 


6 


(iKKKI.V    UM'.MKK   KXl'RDITtON. 


,    '"  ;"",';;■"'  •' "''"'""■''  '"'•  ""•  "" • •"•  -f  -"  '•  arli.l..  r..,uin..l   th..  „u.,.. 

^■'  *X';:s::ir"  * ' " '  • '  '"• •'  "•  - 

VV.  H,  HV.ULK\',('ow„„i„<ln;  V.  S.  \.  . 
Paynu«UT.< (......ral  J.  A.  Hmitii,  ' ''"'""'""''•"(/  (hr.ly  Av//,/  KrjM.uiinn. 

ChUf  i,J  lUn; UH  of  ProiMoHH und  Clolhinu, 


ilenmn„„hu„  of  clndm,,,  vv,,m,;:l  for  a,rH„  TMi,f  F..v,>,,Ution. 
I'Olt   KACII   ENLIHTKO  MAN. 

UndH-HhirtHof  l.ln,..I,um..l.  ..OU1.K,  lino.l  Mw,.,,  w.tl.  ,H.rf...„.,Hl  ..hunu.iH  or 
Diiiw.rs  of  bliK'  llaiiiifl,  h:iiiu«  inat.'nlil ^ 

"";:r:,i":;,il:;;;r::':"!':::'::~r'""'''''-"'*''"^  " 

I'antiihx.nH,  h.-avy  l,i,„.  ,  -oth.  cut  <-itiz..nN-  UwhUm l 

Monkey  juck.'tM,  liiKMl  w.t.i  blue  llatiiicl  

Pairs  io„K  s.,K.kiMKs.  with  HtriuKH  to  tio  au;;-.'.  Viu:  k;;.;:(w;;;i„„v ; ; ; 'i 

Felt  ca|iH,(o  haul  (.vrrtlir  head  and  oarM  " 

Pairs  Inmhskin  st.KkiuKH,  th.  h-n^th  uf  „r.iina."y 'hos.:.'  '^l.A  '  ini^^ J 

ra.rs  H..alskn.  l.H.ts,  with  liair  r...n,.v..,l,  t„  ...vt..,,!  a^K.^.  th.  kn...     4 

lairstliick  woolfiiiuits.  wilh  (hunil)  iin<l  (■.,n.|i„^;,.r  „ 

Pairs  hn...l  «,.alHkiii  Katintl..|s.  will,  thunih  aii.l  forcliuL-Vr I 

R.;in.i...r-sI....pi„K  !«.«.  (o  U-  S  IV^Vinn^rwiih' ih;,;  to  rover'the'hi.ail   th.hair  " 
.Msuh.;  .    n.,n,l..,.,-skin   is  not  ol.tainaM...  the  ha.,  to  1.  nuuh.  of    ■    Lk 

« itli  the  han-  nisi,!..,  an.l  lin...!  witli  California  hlankcts  , 

Out'riiMi'y  jackit ' 

.Suit  of  oil  skills ^ 

Pairs  of  KJa.sH-KOKKlcs ' 

I'airs  of  lioi-MC  iiair  ki'KkIcm " 

Navy  cajja,  rt'Kulation  iiatlciii " 

I'ou  Till.;  omc'ERS. 

In  a.Wition  to  th,.  foiVKr.ins  ontlit  f...x,.,.|,t  tli,.,,..,,  and  ovor,shirt  wi,h  regulation 
..11a  .   ,„•  wln.li  otlu.rs  will  1„.  snhstitut,.,!)  thm-  will  1„.  r..,,,.ir...l  forea.  h 
K.'Kulatioii  ,iverc,.at,  ,.f  heavy  blue  ch.th 

Regulation  hi,  aise  suits,  of  heavy  hlue  .loth  j'omt  ;m;;u;,„kev'jaek;.t' willbe       ^ 
requirwl  for  each  otlicT). . .  .>  .1 1  mi  »  111  w 

o 

There  will  als,>  h,-  re.|uire,l  f,.r  the  expeiliti,,!!  : 

Heavy  woolen  niiiHleis.one  half  t,.  1...  l,;ile,l  .... 

Riihher  knapsacks,  for  carrying  Kcur,  &c. . . ! 

Ruhl)er  blankets,  for  sle,l  aiid  ice  work. ....     ^f^ 

Pairs  leather  boots ~*^ 

Pairs  heavy  army  blankets,  oue-tliird'to  l*  baled' .' I.t" 

4.) J 

W.  S,  .SCIILEV.  Conuiun,,!,;:  U.  S.  X, 

Commaudimj Uraly  lielh-f  Kximlition. 


I 


OREELY   KRUKF   KXI'KDITroV.  a 

iM  ofpr,nHri„n.furni.M en.h  of  tlu,  three M,..,/n.  Ore.l,  Mief  Kr,..imon. 


Artk'iMi. 


puunUa. 

....do,.. 

..do... 

...  do... 

.dt  .. 


Uruod 

Oftt  |11M«1    

Ccirii  Kiftri'h 

Kliiiir 

Corniiiral 

"""I'-Hw .'.';; ,  ;j„ 

''»'^»» do  .. 

Arrow  riMit ^- 

.Miu'iinmi J 

'''""" "' ''■■■ZZZ'.M.'.'. 

I(".viil  luikliiK  iHiwiliip ,|o 

liry  ..(Kikwl  HiiKiir  vakm    do 

""'"'»>■ do!^ 

"""'P do    . 

B^f'-y do... 

«"•« do.... 

Bui'IcwIiuat j„ 

ll.'arminmrr,.«-) Kalloiw', 

l>rli.il  l.iiim  iMdiiiii ,i„ 

lirl..il  t-ri'Lii  i».|is  Jo 

I)Hi>(l.sluik.-ri.„rii 'do..!' 

^l'l'tp'''iH    ,,,,'" 

''""•"""'■"'""-II |»..in.lH', 

l'Mtiiliii..sifrl«l) do,... 

I'l'imiiirun  i for  crewi do, . . . 

ri'iiiinlciiii  (fordoKH) ,io 

''"'•'<■«'" ......do.'.'.'.' 

Hii.iikfa.st  liiirDii j,, 

I'itfM  Jowl  1111,1  f,.et,  Horiippliv   . .    do 

"•■"^•'«"' do.'.'.' 

I'rli'd  1111(1  HiiiokiHl  iM'cf ,io 

Heef  t.iii^'iii.H(Hmokwl) ,|o 

Hiiins(l)iii|..d) ,](, 

"•»»■) .do.'.'! 

Roast  L-hlckttn ^^g 

HoiLst  turkey j^  ' 

Koiust  lM"|.f ij, 

KoiUft  imittou ,|g 

( 'i>vc  nystors ,|q 

Xpi'vd  iiuiiki'rBl do 

Splri'il  .siilmim ^^g 

Ill'lld  (.llHUHO j|^ 

Saii.siKi'S _ jg  " 

Sausajr,,  „|,.nt ^1^' 

Cocikt'il  (.(ini.li(.ef jg 

Holojcmi  saiLsaKo ,)„ 

do... 

boxes. 

1  liiladMlplila  iwpper  pot pounds 

Tiirtli- Hoiip . 

MiH.k  tiirtl«  soup dd 

<i.v  lull  soup jg" 

.Mutton  IjrotU  J       ' 

BeeU  (canned) j^  " 


Siik'i'd  \Hvt. 
Sardiijt's  . 


QtiMtlty. 


MOO 
l«l 

M,IM) 

1, 1711 

144 

144 

"0 

auo 

1,1M  I 
(WO 

f'«) 

am  \ 

I.  lie  I, 
mt 

.100 
300 
■'WO 

I,  I  If) 

4.IM0 

ll,T(W 

T,83ii 
11,700 
7,000 
1,175 
0,400 
.100 
1,17.1 
1,UAS  I 
3,000  ' 

umi 

BtM 
4,704 
8,35a 

«6tl 

too 

575 

8HN 
288 

mm 

150 

UNH  i 
.Wi 

SKH  , 
8HJ 
S88 

a«8  I 
m  i 


Artlvto*. 


t'llill'H  cxinirt  l»...r puiindii 

VlWtttlll,.  Hotip ,|o 

AxHortt'd  HI  uji  . ,  ,|o 

""^••^ .!',.',k.Ks 

'''•^''''""    do,, 

V'n««*'' ipUlohs 

O"'""" P.1.1.UU 

Um«  Julc iifntrntitl^ do. 

Ume  Julcu  (for  sldp'H  imu) di>, 

*»"'«'i do^-ns! 


(iartlu . 


IwundK. 


t'a.'iluiKii  (pifklnd) ,|o 

Hauurkraut ,jo. 

TonmtoHs j^ 

I'pepr  cNl  pumpkins do.! 

J'luin  ptiddiij^ ^' 

Mlncv  iiifui    j,j 

Evaixirati.d  upplog do 

Appln  huti,  r do!.! 

IVadi  l)iitt«'r do 

Candlfd  iHHion  puol do 

TaniarlniU do 

*■'«« !.!!!!!!!!do!!! 

"'"•n do... 

Dried  fruit  (a'Wttrted) do. 


Rolslns  . 


.buxet. 


Preserved  (.riuils-rrles pounds. 

Jams  iiu-isortedi do 

Nuts  (ft.s.sort<'d  do. 

Butter  (asNort.'d) do 

«'w«' !!!!!!do!" 

*-'"*«« do. 

Tw do..! 

' 'IioiMlate do 

♦*«« !!!!do!!!! 

I>es8leuted  e^Ks do 

«'™P !.!Ktt'llonK'! 

P«PI)er,  biauk iminuls. 

"'<' do.... 

'-""' do... 

Condensed  iiHlk dozen 

Kkkk,  iKiili'd  and  svalded  with  liiril, 

dozen 

CVIery-«e<^| p,,,,,,,,^ 

Jx'ustard do 

C'urrie  powder do 

""!« !!!do! 

•'*I'''^'-« do... 

Citric  acid  in  crystal . . .  do 

0"^-"°'' '..dozen! 

Dried  herbs p„,„,d« 

*"' do..! 

Kliivoiing  extract."      i,, .(ties. 

I'lirn.ps  (cunnedl ix.-,nds!! 


giwntlly. 


1, 


UNN 

im 

N 

10 

570 

1,>.'I0 

M) 

3,  Mil 

in 

40 

'JKi 

1,107 

IflN 
570 

.'Did 
5NM 
5HH 
.10 
140 
575 
l.VI 
1,070 
4 
.'i7U 
!!HM 
l,l','l 
.1.  .VJH 
10,  'JH-l 
I.IM) 

:).  (VW 
l,7:l«l 

•JHH 

.10 

W'.OII) 

110 

ow 


•M 

17 

144 

4!» 

•IB 


8  (JKKRLY  KEUEF   EXPEDITION. 

The  foro^'oing  list  of  provisiors  was  put  up  expressly  for  the  ex- 
pedition uikUt  direction  of  tlio  Paymaster-General,  as  requested  in 
my  letter  of  February  lit. 

The  i)emnuciin  and  canned  goods  were  prepared  by  Kemp,  Day  & 
Co.,  of  New  Yoric;  the  soups,  roast  beef,  and  pork  by  Lib'by.  Mc- 
Neill &  Co.,  of  Cliicugo;  iiU  wore  inspected  by  the  medical  officers 
of  the  vessels  and,  subsequently,  during  their  use,  were  found  to  be 
of  most  excellent  ciuality,  and  were  well  and  substantially  put  up. 

W^^siiiNOTON,  D.  C  February  &5, 1884. 
Sir  :  Please  have  sails  made  for  five  wlialo  boats  and  two  dories,  for  each  of  tlio 
three  sliips  of  Gri-ely  Relief  E.xi)e<lition  ;  also  two  tents,  to  be  wade  of  blue  denim. 
Sail  plans  and  dimensions  of  tents  will  l)e  furnislied  at  navy-vard,  New  York. 
Very  resiKJctfully, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commander,  U.  S.  X, 
Commodore  Earl  Enoush,  Commanding  Greely  Relief  E.vpedition. 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Rceruiting. 


Wasuinoton,  D.  C,  Februari/  28,  1884. 
Sir  :  I  would  respectfully  recjuest  that  the  consul  at  St.  Johns,  Newfoundland.  l)e 
communicated  with  immediately  tosecu.e  twenty  Liibradoror  Newfoundland  dogs, 
with  their  harness,  for  each  of  the  Grei-iy  relief  ships,  Thetix  aiKl  Boar. 
These  dogs  are  said  to  l)e  superior  to  the  Greenland  dogs  for  the  purposes  in  view. 
It  IS  important  in  securing  these  dogs  to  include  in  each  pack  at  least  six  sluts. 
Very  respectfully, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commander,  U.  S.  N 
Hon.  WiLUAM  E.  CHANDLER.  Commanding  Greely  Relief  Expedition, 

■•ieeectary  of  tlw  Xury,  Navy  Department. 


WAsmNOTON,  D.  C.  Febniari/  39.  1884. 
Sm:  Ihave  have  the  honor  to  ivcpiest  the  following  outfit  of  aitlcli'".  for  boats 
anil  shiiis  of  the  Greely  Relief  Expetlition  : 

OUTFIT. 

All  boats  to  he  fitted  with  stanchions,  stepped  in  composition  sockets  on  rail,  for 
weather  cloths  18  inches  deep. 

All  boathook  handles  to  be  of  hickory ;  all  paddles  to  befitted  with  ice-chisels 
oil  upj)er  end  ;  each  boat  to  have  one  l)reaker. 


'  Articles. 


Cabin. 

Bureau,  with  writing-cleslc  on  top. . 

Small  table 

Dining-table 

Lounge  (repaired) 

Wash-stand,  fitted  with  three  liowls 

Towel-raek 

Wash-stand  


Quantity. 


Articles. 


Ca6(H— Continued. 
Sideboaixl,  fitted  with  top  fm-  china 
and  glass-ware 

Men's  (jitftrfcr/i. 

Stationary  tables,  with  laek 

Jless-lockei's 

Mess- breakers 

Seultle-bult 


Quantity. 


,i 


f 


GKKELY    RKTJEF  EXPEDITION. 


Articles. 


Uena'  ?iiar(er«— Continued. 

Vine(?arJcegs 

Spit-boxes 

Camp-Btoolsi 

Mess-oliests 

Deok-buckets 

Molosses-kegs 

Starting-tub 


Quantity, 


For  ship. 

Hawser-reels 

Strong-back  for  eacli  boat 

Large  socket  oliisels  anil  gouges 
Ice-chisels,  8  inches  long  and  3  inches 

wide 

Large  clamps  

Jack-screws 

Bear-trap 

Staves,  8  feet  long,  fitted  with  black 

flag  18  inches  square 

Hose-reels 

Complete  sets  of  cariwnti-i-s",  calkers', 

blacksmiths',  and  coopei-s"  tools 

Ice  chisels,  fitted  with  handles  10  feet 

long  (hickory) 

Horseshoe  clamps 


Articles. 


For  sAip-Continued. 

Shoemakers'  awls 

Fox-traps  

Small  square  haml-pump  for  each  boat 

A  supply  of  felt  and  material  for  i-e|>air 
of  boats. 

Overhaul  oil  blocks  and  fit  with  jjatent 

-  sheaves. 

Repair  pumpd  and  pump  gear. 

Build  houses  for  galley  with  drying- 
room  for  clothes;  fit  one  bunk  on  each 
side  (drying-room  ou  forward  side  of 
house). 

Boat-hooks  (hickory  staves),  hook  and 
point  sharp 

Short  paddles,  upper  ends  fitted  with 
ice-chisels 

Hatchets,  with  handles  riveted 

Kosin barrels. 

Tape-mea-sure 

Signal  chest   

Ice-au'^ers,  8  feet  long 

Spare  hlix.-ks,  to  bo  selected  hereafter, 
and  stores,  to  be  selected  by  carpen- 
ters' mates. 


Quantity. 


100 
6 
1 


40 

10 
10 

i 

1 

1 

a 


Please  have  a  house  built  (after  drawing  furnished)  and  aU  ready  for  putting  un 
on  arrival  north  ;  to  be  shipped  by  the  Alert  not  later  than  May  1  ^       ^  ^ 

Very  respectfully,  ^ 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commander,  U.  S.  N., 

Chief  Naval  Constructor  T.  D.  Wilson^""""""*'"''  ^'''^'^  belief  Expedition. 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Construction  avd  Repair. 


^       ,  ,  ,  Washington,  D.  C,  March  1,  1884. 

sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  inform  you  that  the  following  articK's  and  outfit  are 
regarded  as  necessary  for  each  ship  of  the  Greelv  Relief  Exned  inn  IT  [! 
respectfully  request  that  orders  te  iLed  for  theTr  pr^rlt^z  I"'       '  """^'^ 


Articles. 


Quantity 


-u.'onometer 

Hack  chronometer 

Chronometer-box 

Deck  time-pieces 

Boat  compass,  for  each  boat 
Sensitive  pocket  compasses  .. 

Sextants  (superior) 

Night  octant 

Artificial  horizons  


Articles. 


Su;)erior  large  binoculara  (best  that  can 
be  boughl  i 

Mercurial  barometer 

Aneroid  barometers 

Thermometers  (ordinary) 

Thermometei-s  (low  tom|)eratm-e) 

Set  surveying  iustrimients  (for  "Alert" 
only) 

Chronometer  watches 


Quantity. 


i 
I 
•i 
6 
3 

1 
S 


10 


GREELY  UELIEP  EXPEDITION. 


Articles. 


t'iiiiipas.si's  ( Navy  liiiuiil) 

Azliiiutti  coiniioss 

t'ogrso  imlic'iitor  ami  chart  boord 

Pocket  sfixtautH 

Superior  (;Iii.sst.'S(l)csttliut can  be liouptlit) 
Superior  small  l;inoeulars  (llKbtest  and 

hif^hest  power  that  can  I«i  bo  j^ht) . . . . 

Therumnieters  (water) 

Ilyilniiueter 

ivii.  plolliug  and  (Irawing  iustruuienl.s 

(for  "Alert "only) 

Boahn. 

Nautical  Almanacs,  Ifn  and  IfS'i  (two 
for  each  year) 

liowditeb's  I'raetieal  Navigator 

Arctic  Az-innith  Tables 

Uosser's  Book  of  Stars 

FindinK  Compass  Error 

Longitude  by  Chronometer,  Stnnise  and 
Snnwt 

Itinnacles  and  Swinging  Slnj) 

Instructions  for  Ilydrographic  Survey- 
ors (for  "Alert"  only) 

Tabli!  Jlast-Hoad  Angles 

Itegulutious  for  Preventing  Collisions  at 


Quantity. 


Weather  finide,  Barometer,  Tlierniome- 
ter,  and  Hygrometer 

North  .Mlantic  Sailing  Directions 

North  Atlantic  Light  List 

List  of  Koi'eign  Lights    

Set  nydrograi)hic  (Jfttceand  Briti-sh  Ad- 
miralty North  Atlantic  and  Arctic 
Charta 

Sailing  Directions,  Davis'  Straits,  Baf- 
Iln's  Bay,  and  Smith's  Sounil 

Newfoundland  Pilot 

Bible 

Prayer  Book  

Navy  Regulations 

Articles  for  the  Government  cf  the  Navy. 

Webster's  Dictionary 

International  Signal  Code 

Meyer's  Army  Signal  Code 


Outfit. 

Navy-blue  lights    

Signal  discharger 

Box  Very's  signals 

Pistol  frog 

Set  side  and  mast-head  lights,  span- 
shades  for  each  light 

Steering  biuuacle    

Standard  binnacle 

Log-Unes 


I 

1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1 

£0 
1 
1 
1 

1 
1 
1 
3 


Articles. 


'inantity. 


grost). 


()ufy»-Coii(inued. 

TalTrail,  n-gistcrlng,  patent  logs 

It-second  gliuises 

'.•-pound  hand-leads 

."iO-poinul  deep-.sea  lead 

Coasting  lino fathoms 

Arming poinids 

Hand-lantems 

Dark  lantern 

Shades  

Lampwicks 

Trimming-.scis.sors 

Signal-rocketa,  fitted 

Set  Army  signal  e^iuipments 

Pistol  

Pouch  

Side-lanterns 

Spare  binnacle  lanterns     

Log  chips 

Log  reels 

:»-second  gliusses 

;  -pound  band-leads 

^"i-poimd  coiistiiig-leads 

Hand-line fathoms 

Deep-sea  line ,io. 

Deep-sea  reel 

Spare  globes 

Swinging-lamps 

Chinmeys 

Lamp-feeders 

Trays  for  lamps 

Ijimp-i)rickers 

No.  4  U.  S  ensign 

No  .")  U  S.  ensign 

No.  (i  U.  S.  ensign 

Sinving-needles pajiers 

Thread pound 

Lanloil barrels. 

Hanil-truniixjts 

Log-books 

Kei'iptand  e.xpenditnn?  book,  4  pads  . 

Navigators'  mi'inoranduni  books 

F(Xil.scap  paper ream. 

lA'tter  pn>)er do. 

(JtTlcial  enveloijes   packages 

Black  lead-pencils dozen . 

Flat  gutta-i)ercha  rider  

Order-lHK)ks 

lYess  copy  book 

Memorandum  pails 

Pn>.ss  conying  ink pint 

Bowl  and  brush  

Sets  checkers 

Packs  cards 

Dice-boxes  


1 

IIX) 


I 
0 

15 
3 

SO 
1 
1 
J 


loa 

1.0 

1 

4 

;) 


GREELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


11 


ArticleH. 

OM<;i«— Continued. 
Spun  wiek  

pounds.. 

No.  4  pennantx  

Union  jacks 

General  recall . . . 

Cotton 

..spools.. 

Coil  siKnol  halliard  stuff  ... 

Candles  for  nniiiinB  liRht-s ,   . . 

FoK-horns 

Navigation  ledger . 

BlottinKpajx'r 

sheets. . . 

Kcgulation  imper  . . 

:•■■• 

Articles. 


OuC/H— Continued. 

Note  paper „.uni. 

NoUi  enveloiM.'s  packages . 

Elastic  loops gross. 

Letter-books 

Journal 

U'tter-nie  

Ink  ern«!r 

Copying  press 

Sets  chess  men 

Checkerboards 

Dice 


Cjuautity. 


i 
4 

i 
2 

1 
1 
1 
1 

a 

3 
18 


Very  respectfully, 

W.  8.  80HLEY,  Commauchr,  U.  S.  N., 
Commodore  J.  O.  Walker,  Commauduu,  Orevh,  lielief  Expeditimi. 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Aariyutiou. 


c!        T  Wariiinoton,  D.  C.   ^rln•ch  1   1884 

SiK :  I  have  the  honor  to  request  that  the  following  articles,  under  coL^niz'-ince  of 
your^Bureau,  u,ay  be  placed  on  each  of  the  three  ves«el.  of  the  Greely  K  Exik! 

Very  respectfully, 

W.  H.  SCHLEY,  Commamlfr.  U.  ,<?.  A^., 
Commodore  Earl  Enolksh,  (-'""^'muduiy  (ireely  Relief  Ej^peditmu. 

Chief  of  Bureau  of  Equipment  and  Recruiting. 


Articles. 


Boatiimin's  (leimitment 

BowtT  ttiichoi's 

Kedges  (300  and  500  pounds) 

Bower  chains 

Sti-eani  chains 

Chain  hooka 

C'liuin  punches 

Spare  shackles 

Grapnel(lOpouiiJs)  for  each  boat,  grap 
nels  to  l)e  fitted  with  ro]).'  instead  of 
chain 

Steel  hawser,  3-inch 

Manila  hawser,  T-inch 

Axes 

Hickory  brooms 

Seizing-stuff,  assorted pounds. 

Spare  set  rigging-lanyards  for  al'  sizes 

of  standing  rigging 

Bpun  yarn  (3  yam) iwunds. . 

Hacksaws 

Harpoons,  fitted 


Quantity 


1 

1 

1 

13 

ao 

1 

75 

a 


Articles. 


Sister-hooks,  a.ssoited 

Fis-hing  lines 

Rigger's  screws 

Spli;.  chaiu-links 

Marline-spikes 

fail-needles 

Mounted  pahns 

}-~erving-boiirds 

*^'"'"K-"a.'t iwunds 

"^ luirrels. 

Sheet-anchor 

Ice-anchors 

Sheet -chain 

Spare  bending-shackle 

Colil-clii.sels 

Chain-pins 

Keys 


tpare  grapnels  (10  pounds)  for  each 

vessel 

Manila  hawser,  10-uicb 


Quantity. 


12 

lOU 

3 

U 

ao 
la 

4 

10 


1 
1 

10 


12 


({KKKLY   KKIJEF'  EXl'KUlTloN. 


ArlluleH. 


HotilHifdin'H  (/(7/(ir/»ic'/i<— Continued 

Mimilii  ha\vHt'i*N,  r)j-jncli , 

Clainp-linislieH 

(.'orn  br(K)nis 

Manila  ro]>e,  aH8ui'U>(l fatliniuN 

Cixiline puiinils 

Marline inimuls 

Houittillne iHnniils 

Hooks  and  tliiniblt's.  assurtt'tl 

Fishing- huokn,  atsMurtud 

Ilannncrs 

Hhuenmker'H  knives 

Sides  riuKiiiK-leatlier 

Sei'vinj;  mallets 

Neatsf(Mit  oil Kallons 

Flnt^niouthed  pincers set 

Twine ixmnds 

Thimbles 

Coal-tar barivls 

CariK'itter'H  dftHit'tiiient. 

Brad-awls 

Wliitewnsli  hnishes 

Stoi)-eoek  for  starting  hose 

Handy-billy  iinniji 

Leadintt-hose feet 

Suetion-liose stH'lions 

Ilose-pi|x.'S,  llexlhle 

Expander  

Hand  and  leg  irons 

Slaked  lime barrels 

Shovels 

Serajx^rs 

Sciuilgees 

Stoves,  for  iiuartera 

Alcohol  stoves 

Alcohol,  ill  5-p:allon  extra  I  in  cans,  .j^alls 
Galley,  with  ontfil    and  furniture  com 

plete. 

Dish-covers 

Kcratch-awl 

Charcoal barrels 

DryiuK-stoves  ...   

l'ire-extinp;uishers(with  charges) 

Ilosi'-wa-shere 

Couplings 

Spanners  

Pump-leather sides 

Picks 

Spare  rungs  for  .Jacob's  laddeix 

Squilgees,  rubtjer 

Cooking-stove  for  house,  to  goon  Alerl 
Firewood  (lus  can  be  stowed). 

Wheelbarrows 

Chamois-skins 

Sailin(tkf'i-'.H  (U'piirtnwnt. 

Flax  canva-x,  Xos.  1  to  S bolls. 

Clew-iiDUs 


gnantity 


I  a 

C-' 

flKI 


•>'t 

Km 
I 
II 


Articles. 


I  gnanllty. 


Siitlm(lkTy\i  (IfiKirhnri'f  Ciintinned, 
Walcr-bag  for  largest  boat  of  each  ship. 

Mallresses 

Woolen  table-covers 

Najil^lns dozen. 

Ued'Siireiuls 

Haven's  duck bolts. . 

Cots 

Feather  pillows 

l.ini'U  table-covers 

Towels dozen. . 

Sheets palni. . 

Pillow  cases 

Crash  towels 

I'eathcr  dnsK'!* 

Wati'r  ewei's 

Spittoons 

Soaj)  trays 

S*'t  curtains 

ICa.sy  chair 

Canvas  yokes,  to  be  used  in  sledginK 
A  tei.l.s,  10  feet  long,  with  ridge  poles 

and  stakes 

Tent  I'over  for  each  whale  boat 

New  suit  of  sails  for  Thetis  and  Hear, 

boat  sails  lobe  sliding  gunlcr  i-igand 

ti)  in'  made  of  dy<'d  cut  I  on 

Complete  set  of  new  running  rigging. 

Coil  bolt-rope 

Iron  c<  inunander 

drains 

Old  junk piinnds.. 

Sailmakcr's bench  anil  ccimjilele  kit  of 

iniplen.cnts 

Pantry  towels 

Hand  bi'll 

Wash-stand  basins 

Slop  tubs 

Foot  tubs 

Cabin  carpet 

Diiung  chairs 

Jlirrors 


I)onnds. 


Tar  brushes 

White  marline 

Hickory  hcaxei-s 

Piutvtl,  fhiiHt,  tniil  (fidss  ii(tyc 

Waiters 

Sugar  bowls 

Cream  pltchei's 

Cluster 

Huttcr  dish 

liaking  di.shes 

Vegetable  dishes 

Ic,  pitchers 

(Iravy  spoons 

IMustard  spoon 

Tea  spo^ins 


H 
H 
8 
48 
-18 
■i-i 


4 

1 

I 

■M 

•i 

1 


1 

1 
1 
1 
3 
KItl 

1 
•H 
1 
4 
4 
8 
1 
8 
>> 

4 
•A) 


Is 


'C's 


OHEELY   KEMEK  EXPEDITION. 


13 


Artlclen. 


Pliited,  china,  and  alaxa  ware-Cont'd, 

Him'iir  Hiwons 

I  )('Mi«Tt  forkH 

KiKh  nIIcu 

Crumb  scraper 

Nut  pIckH 

Baking  diah  linlngg ' 

Steels " 

Oravy  hoata  and  stands 

( 'onipotiers 

Ti'nuups  and  saiu'i!™ 

Oval  (IIhIu'm 

Dinner  platcH 

MuiTln  piatcH 

Pickit.  dixhcs 

Sht'rry  Klnnws 

Jelly  f;lass«H 

Sidt  cellars 

Talde  knives 

Dessert  knives 

Cnrvlnj?  forks 

Pickle  forks ' 

Teapot  (U  half  pints) 

CofTee  pot 

Houp  tureen 

Table  spoons 

Salt  spoons 

Dessert  sixwns 

E)tK  spoons 

Table  forks 

Sauce  ladle 

Uutter  knives 

Nut  cracks 

Carving  kidves    

Cheese  scoop 

Water  pitchers 

Salad  bowl 

Breakfast  cups  and  saucers 

Welldish 


(J'lantity. 


Artk'lea. 


I'liitcri,  chinn,  anitghm  mire— Cont'd. 

Hreakfast  plates 

Soup  plates 

Hivad  plates 

Decanters 

Tinnblers 

Preserve  dishes | 

Plated  candlesticks 


Sttttioncri/. 

Record  book 

Blank  books,  l-quire ' 

"'"I'kiaW pints 

Letter  envelopes packages 

PaiH-r  fiusteners boxes 

Ii]kstands  

Aleinuranduni  pads 

Sheets  blotting  paper 

Sheets  drawing  paper 

NotepaiK'r ream. 

Kt.'cliH.ns grons. 

Mnrk  lead  i)encila dozen 

fiutta  |«M-clia  ruler 

H<ix  water  colors 

Meuioi-anduni  tablet* 

Blank  1»k ik«.  B-quIre 

Mcniorunduui  biioks 

"fflcinl  enveloiH's packages. 

Klastic  loops boxes 

Pieces  ndiber 

Penknives 

^'""^■""K'- bottles.. 

I'^M )lscap  pai)er reams 

ratter  paper reams. 

Regulation  pajicr ream 

Pen  holders dozen 

R.  B.  pencils dozen.. 

Pieces  tape 

Vial  carmine 


Quantity. 


lU 
)!1 
a 
H 

m 
a 

18 


» 
'■» 

IS 

a 
1 
1 

13 

II 
SI 

6 

6 

3 
13 


qin.Tb.,       *i      1  ^^''^SHINOTON,  D.  C,  3/«/r/(  17    1884 

lief  Kx,».,li,l,"  ""  '  ''"'"■'"■'  '"'  "'■■"■'■''  ""  ""'"•'•  '■•■««»'  «Wp  of  the  Greely  Re- 

delay  in  flUil;  otlt  the  "^r      '"  """*^""^'  "  ""'"  '"  ''''^'•''''  "»^  P-""'"" 
Very  respectfully, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commander,  U.  S  N. 

Thief  Naval  C;,.„,strtu-tor  T.  D.  wn.s.^^.''"''''''"'''''''"'''''''' •^^'■''''^^'^^'''*'''-- 
V/ih'f  of  liiura,,  of  Conxtnirlion  iind  Hiimir, 


14 


(iKEKFA   HKMKK   KXi'KDlTlON. 


Artk-lM. 


AllZ(>H 

HnxKl  axoi ...,, 

riticli  ham 

Siil|i|iliiKl)iir 

BuiiKliiin'r 

Hraw  011(1  wt  of  bits  . , . 

8a«h  liriiNlic'H 

Viiiiilsli  liniHliea 

Hqiilrt  can 

C'hlHel  hIIl'u 

Flli'H,  luworted 

(JttUKH 

(Irlmlstoni) 

niat'kHiiiltlm'  baiiiinerH. 

HIccIki'  linimiiiT 

H<'t  iiilkirin  iioiiH 

Het  M)l(l<'i'lii)(  IronM 

I'ltch  kettle 

Chalk  IliiH 

('nrix'iitcr'M  mallet 

MiipH,  piteli 

I'luneH,  oNsorteil 

Null  puiicliey 

AiiBerH 

WimhI  uxeH 

Sliaeklebar 

DriftlHilta 

Tiipbiirer 

I'aiiit  bnwheH 

Seam  brusbes 

Paint  liucketH 

Colli  ebisi'la 

Pair  cuniiuisMes  

I'urtuble  forge 

llimletH 

t'law-baniiners 

Uivetint;  liainnierH 

Keef-books 

Hvt  liorsiiif!  irons 

Drawing-knife 

ritch-liulle 

Calking  mallets 

Horsing  mallet 

CariH'nters'  pencils 

rineem 

Spike  punches 

Smiths'  pimelu^s 

Two-foot  rule 


Quantity 


Artleles. 


(jnanlity. 


pairs. 


1 
]j 

S 
I 
1 
1 
8 

a 
1 
1 

46 
1 

1 

u 
1 
1 
1 
1 
J 
1 
s 

B 
8 
8 
4 
1 
8 
1 

Vi 
8 

a 
a 
1 
J 
u 

Si 

a 
a 
1 
1 
1 

3 
1 
6 
S 

3 
1 


SeiTw-drivers 

Hbears 

<  HI  Hlfine 

H<'t  smith'*  toiils 

Het  sounding  rods 

Single  blocks '...'.'.'..'. 

Wedges 

Hhc'tbrasH poundii, 

'-'hnlk Uo.. 

Feanianght yarjg 

•""" IKlUndH. 

Flat  bar-iron ,|j, 

Koiuidiron ,|o 

I.undMr  for  ship  and  boot  rupnlr 

Hal.'douknm jwunds. 

Iron  rivets ^^ 

SoWw do.!.! 

I  Iron  npikes ,|o 

Iron  tacks (j„ 

('opiKTwiro do.... 

Ulack  paint j„ 

Unseed  oU   liarrul,. 

Rtui\m 

Saws,  assorted 

Spoke  shaves 

Steel  K(|uare 

Tape  mi'iisuru 

Sciillle  lintt 

Double  blcicks,  assiirled 

Sheaves  and  pliis 

"orax pounds. 

CoppiT  burrs ^ do... 

CopiKT  bolts ,|n 

Lights 

Oum  packing wpiare  feet. 

S<|uare  bar  iron poimds. 

Sheet-lend  \ jj, 

Coiijier  nails do. . . , 

Iron  nails do. . . 

Copiier  rivets do. . . 

Brass  screws 


gross.. 

Comiiosition  spikes pomiils. 

CopiK'r  tacks do 

Brass  win- do. . . . 

White  lead do 

Tiupentine gallons. 

K^J'ead pounds.. 


> 
J 
I 
I 
« 

10 
18 
8 
6 
4 
75 
T5 


M 
80 
10 
8S 
S 
10 
IbO 

1 

8 
H 
8 
1 
1 
1 
IR 

a 

a 
ta 

'JO 
5 
.'■)0 
5() 
40 
75 


10 
1.5 

iM 
M 
l!jO 


The  7im/-  arrived  at  New  Y.n-k  F.jbruary  15,  undor  command  of 
Liipt.  h .  Asli,  fi'din  8t.  John's,  NowfoinuUand. 

Tliu  Thetis  arrivwl  at  tlie  same  phico  from  Dundoo,  Scotland, 
March  33,  under  command  of  Lieut.  L.  L.  Kearney,  U   S   N 

ThvJhrf  arrived  Ai.ril  •,'•.'.  fr,„u  Spitliead,  England,  under  com- 
mand  ot  Lieut.  Commaiidei'  C.  F.  Goodrich,  U.  S.  N. 


f 


' .  '     ' 


fl 


m 


i  \ 


\<i 


K   »■■   ; 


lipiifiillllBI 


'!ii 


lll>llllllllll 


S4 


ORBKLY   KBMRP  EXPEDITtON. 


15 


lUK  Ht«am  wlml.rs  jitt,  ,1  for  .ruiHiMg  in  tho  ic,  olf  tho  ..ouHt  of  Lb- 
ra.h.r  and  u.  Mulv.llo  Hay.  w.ro  Htauncl,  ve.HH«lH,  an.l,  witl.  ,„.rha,m 
<mo  .x..o,.t,ou.  w.,rn  tho  bust  voss.Ih  of  tlu,  wl.ali„K  ^^n^\  H.a\\l^  il.Jt 
rhmr  exiHMn.mco  later  ia  tho  hoavy  ico  of  MolviUo  Bay  a.ul  Smith's 

t^^^tur  "''""'■  '"'"'^"'  '""^  ^'-^^"'""^  ^'-'''•'•'-  ^•- 

Aftor  their  inspection  on  arrival  it  was  clotorn,iM,.,l,  with  your 

a  tho  o  ol  the  lower  .lock.;  to  put  in  truss  beams  from  bilgo  to 
nil  .loot  lower-aock  boan.s;  to  „ut  iron  straps  ovor  stem  socnred 

Im   V  Tf'     ''':  "  f";""'''^  ^M..,.M;  to  construct  watc^  -t^ 

ulkl  ...is  forward  hu.I  abaft;  to  fill  in  sj.ace  between  keel  and  Kar- 
»  .an!  s'  rakos  with  sponsons  aKainst  the  ,.rcssnro  of  ice  forc-od  late  - 
ally  under  tl.nr  bottoms;  to  .lock,  ..aulk  an.l  paint  the  si   ,s    to 

&« .,  to  p  aco  in  the  hrc-r<..mis  tw.,  donk.,y-l>oil,,.s  for  .nwvnl  us. 
dunuK  winter;  to  overhaul  all  stan.li„K  rik-inK  an.l  t.^v  .  1  uT 
-muuK  i-iKKinK  with  now  ,.,.,  to  ^i  ve  the^  ':,:  ^  t        iS  ^r^ 
.a  In  t...M,ulpall.plart.,rswithnnlttr,^.s,^..an.l.,fH.4s•^ 
Hb  0  and  be.   hnen,  china,  ^Wass.  an.l  plat..,,  ware;  tosu     lyaco 
l.l''t«..«thtofar,.tic  clothing  au.l  provisi.ms  for  officers  a^^^^^^ 

wi'l I  Wrt""' :''"' ^'''^' "'^''  -HorreslH.ff  .stcan.   ".-.?.   "    "^ 
wi      Whi  es  steam  cutter.     The  ex...pti.>nal  str..nKth  an.l  n.  ,t 

E:q,i.,i„,o,it  i„,lit,,tal  ll,„twitl,  the  „M  of  nntlm.cite  coal  i„  tl,. 
ot  mw  Yuik,  to  transport  500  tons  of  cal  in  bags  from  Cardiff,' 


16 


(iRKKLY   KKLIEF   EXPEDITION. 


Wales,  to  Littletf)ii  Islai-.d,  tlio  Government  assuming  all  respon- 
sibility for  the  vessel  after  leaving  St.  John's  until  her  return  to  New 
York.  This  was  only  done  after  the  most  diligent  incjuiry  to  find 
in  the  United  States  a  suitable  vessel  for  this  service. 

This  preparation  and  the  work  of  refitting  was  submitted  to  the 
,  several  Chiefs  of  Bureaus  of  the  Navy  Department,  and  U)  their  sub- 
ordinate officers  at  the  New  Y(n-k  navy-yard.  I  am  earnest  in  say- 
ing that  my  thanks  are  due  to  them  all  for  their  cHicit-nt  and  zealous 
co-operation  with  nie  in  preparing  the  shi^js  to  sail  on  the  days  ap- 
pointed, as  shown  in  ycmr  communication  of  Mardi  10,  and  miiie  in 
reply  of  March  1*,  as  follows: 

Navy  D;:partment, 
WaAhiiKjtoii ,  iMfirch  10,  1884. 
Sir:  It  having  1  wen  settlod  tliat  the  vessels  of  the  relief  expedition  wi.'  he  the 
Thetis,  Bear,  and  Alert,  you  will  please  subniit  a  plan  proposing  dates  for  their  de- 
I)artiire  from  the  United  States,  and  from  St.  John's. 

It  is  desiral)k'  that  one  of  the  relief  .-hips  should  arrive  at  Upernavik  as  early  as 
any  vessel  ean  safely  reach  that  point. 
Very  resijectfully 


Commander  \V.  S.  Schley,  U.  S.  N., 

A'avy  Depart inenx. 


\V.   K.  C'HANDLKR, 
Secretary  of  the  Navy, 


Washin'oton.  D.  C,  March  11,  1884. 

Sir:  In  reply  to  your  IcHer  of  March  10.  informing  me  it  had  been  definitely  set- 
tled tliat  the  Thetis,  Bear,  and  Alert  were  o  lie  the  vessels  of  the  expedition  to  re- 
lieve Lieutenant  (Jrecly  and  party  at  Lady  Franklin  Bay,  I  would  respectfully 
tUKgest  tluit  the  Bear.  l)ei:ig  the  vessel  most  advanced  in  the  streni'thening  needed 
for  tills  service,  .sliouM  lie  ilispatched  from  New  York  on  the  25th  of  April  to  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland  to  fill  up  with  coal,  to  take  dogs  on  board,  and  i,,  Mujuire 
into  the  condition  of  the  ice  in  Davis  Strait:  and  at  the  earliest  practicable  mome.:*^ 
to  jiroceed  to  the  Danish  settlements  of  Uisco  and  Upernavik,  readiing  there  about 
the  third  week  in  May,  if  iiracticablc. 

The  Thetiit  sliould  follow  tlie  Bear,  leaving  New  York  not  later  than  May  1,  stop- 
-piiig  at.fcit,  John's  for  coal,  to  take  dogs  on  board,  and  to  convoy  the  coal  steamer 
to  Upernavik,  where  she  ought  to  arrive  about  May  Sr). 

From  LTpernavik  the  77(c/i.s  and  y^'nc  should  proceed  onward  with  coi-.voyto 
Cape  York  and  Littleton  Islan.l.  Should  the  ice,"  ajijiear  too  formidable  for  the  col- 
lier to  encounter  so  early  as  June,  slie  shoidd  remain  at  Upernavik  until  the  arrival 
of  the  Alert.  \\\\w\\  vessel  would  be  then  charged  with  the  convoy. 

The  nnportance  of  convoy  iMWond  Upernavik  can  liardly  lie  overestimated  in 
view  of  the  circumstances  that  the  (iovernment  may  be  obliged  to  as  nine  all  re- 
sponsibility for  the  coal  vessel  and  cargo. 

'V\w  Alert  should  be  dispaidied  from  New  York  not  later  than  Blay  10  to  St 
John's,  to  fill  up  with  coal,  and  then  to  proceed  onward  to  Disco  and  Ui)ernavik 
wh  re  she  should  arrive  not  lat"r  than  June  1. 

Her  movements  should  be  so  timed  that  shi'  might  reach  Littleton  Island  oi' 
Foulke  Fiord  about  the  1st  of  July,  ui  order  t,>  have  sufficient  time  to  land  and 
build  house,  land  provisions,  coal,  and  other  supplies,  to  establish  the  station  upon 


GREELY   RELIP:k  EXPEDITION. 


17 


whirl,  tho  advance  ships'  companies  could  retreat  in  the  event  of  disastor,  and  after- 
ward to  send  u  Hied  party  onward  to  examine  the  coast  on  the  eastern  side  of  Smith's 
Sound  as  far  as  Huniholdt  Olacier. 

This  .luty  complete,!  l.y  S,.pten.l.er  Land  the  Tlut  i»  im.l  Jirar  not  having  re- 
turned to  Littleton  Island  or  Poulke  Fionl,  the  .UtT«  should  return  to  St.  John's 
with  news  ot  the  expedition.  "  * 

I  have  the  honor  to  bi-,  very  respectfully, 

W.  S.  HCIILEY,  Comviamlei;  U.  ,Sf.  ^., 
Hon.  W.  E.  Phandler,  Commanding  Oreely  Relief  Exjmdition. 

Secrvtanj  <if  the  Nary. 

In  tlic  ])ropHrntion  of  (lunrters  for  mon  und  officers  itwa.s  borne  in 
niUKl  tlmt  incTea.se(I  air  .space  was  a]).s<.hitoly  rcciuirod  t„  maintain 
proper  sanitary  conditions. 

The  saloons  of  tho  Tfwfi.s  and  tiio  i>Vo,- were  therefore  entirely  re- 
niodeled;  all  original  hulkheads  wore  removed,  except  one  to  separate 
the  commanding  officer's  room  from  tho  main  saloon 

Bunks  were  built  along  the  sides  of  tho  saloon  fitted  with  drawers 
to  accommodate  tho  clothing  of  officers;  and  to  afford  the  necessary 
privacy  m  sleei.ing,  dressing,  or  undressing,  curtains  were  arranged 
iipon  movable  rods  working  through  the  top  of  the  berth  framin- 
These  rods  could  be  rigged  in  during  the  day  to  increase  tho  space 
in  the  saloon,  an.l  out  at  night,  or  while  ofhcors  were  arranging 
their  toilets  or  preparing  for  sleep. 

In  the  men's  quarters  twenty-eight  bunks  were  built  in  pairs,  one 
over  the  other,  with  drawers  under  the  lower  bunk  for  clotliinir 
These  quarters  were  separated  from  the  ships'  sides  by  an  alley  way 
to  afford  free  pas.sage  to  tho  fr.rward  part  of  top-gallant  forecastle, 
to  TV  .rk  chains  and  windlass  or  to  reach  tho  forward  store-rooms 

To  exclude  cold  and  frost  from  all  the  quarters,  the  sides  and  top 
between  the  ceilings  were  lined  with  felt.  Tho  advantage  of  this 
arrangement  was  apparent  after  we  had  reached  the  region  where 
hard  service  and  unusual  (exposure  were  necessary.  The  suggestion 
was  Chief  Constructor  Wilson's. 

Dispensaries  of  the  Thetis  and  Bear  were  constructed,  under  the 
supervision  of  their  medical  officers,  in  the  run  abaft  the  saloon,  and 
though  compact,  were  well  adapted  to  tho  service  of  tho  vessels  ' 
It  was  intended  to  use  the  boats  of  the  expedition  when  tho  ships 
had  -^-acied  the  highest  attainable  limit,  and  to  this  end  it  was  im- 
portant that  they  sluudd  servo  three  purposes  :  first,  as  boats  in  cross- 
ing water  spaces;  second,  as  sleds  in  crossing  floes,  and  third,  .ts 
quarters  when  hauled  (uit  in  stormy  weather  or  for  rest 

Then-construction  as  whale  boats  accomplished  the  first  condition  • 

their  bilge  runners,  after  Parry's  method,  secured  the  second,  and' 

be  ng  fitted  with  covers,  weather  cloths,  and  tent  stanchions  the 

third  condition  was  obtained. 

The  ^^gl^jjfgthe^^^^'lition  were  made  after  the  design  of  Chief 


18 


fiKEEI.Y   KElilKK  EXPEDITION, 


Eiiginocr  Melvillf,  U.  S.  N.,  Avitli  ivv,-rsi),le  runners  shod  with  iron- 
they  were  of  two  sizes,  10  and  H  tVt't,  and  were  intended  to  ho  nsecl 
for  carrying  the  hoata,  if  ni'cossary,  as  well  as  for  ordinary  sledging 
over  th(*  ie(. ;  I  regarded  them  as  most  rxcellent  in  design  and  well 
calculated  tor  tlui  work  in  the  heavier  ice  of  Smith's  Sound. 
•  The  ice  tools  and  im].iements  were  constructed  after  designs  which 
experience  has  shown  to  be  best  suited  to  the  service  f„r  wbicli  they 
were  intended.  The  ice-augers,  designed  by  Lieut.  B.  A.  Fis]<e  u" 
S.  N.,  supplied  by  the  Ordnance  Bureau,  were  espe(ually  useful  and 
eiTicient. 

The  pre])aration  of  tlie  clothing  outfit  under  thc^  cognizance  of  the 
Bureau  ot  Provisions  and  Clothing,  was  .su])ervised  by  Pay  Inspector 
A.  J.  Clark  and  Paymaster  Oeorge  H.  Read,  at  the  New  York  navy- 
yard;  their  suggestions  touching  the  making  .,f  tliis  clothing  and 
the  si)ecuil  packing  of  the  various  articles  of  this  outfit  to  exclude 
moLsture  were  valuable,  and  I  am  pleased  to  say  everything  supplied 
was  found  eminently  satisfactory. 

Some  dithculty  was  exi)erieiiced  in  procuring  reindeer  skins  for 
the  winter  clothing.  As  they  could  not  he  ol)taim.d  anywhere  in  the 
United  States  the  Paymaster-General  was  ohliged  to  order  them  h-om 
Stockholm,  Sweden  ;  even  then  there  was  considerahle  delay  in  get- 
ting them  into  Stockholm  from  the  country  villag(>s  where  they  were 
exposed  for  sale.  The  arrival  of  the  skins  was  so  (h'layed  fnrni  this 
cause  there  was  much  dilhculty  to  find  a  firm  who  would  undertake 
to  make  them  up  in  time.  Ullman  &  Co.,  of  Mercer  street,  New 
York,  undertook  and  completed  the  work  satisfactorily,  however 
in  a  remarkably  short  time.  "  ' 

The  Bear  was  put  in  commission  March  17  and  the  T/ic*iN  April 
2,  1884.  The  Alert  Avas  continued  in  commission  after  arrival  from 
England.  The  following  list  of  officers  and  men  were  detailed  for 
the  several  vessels,  viz  : 

THETIS. 


Name. 


W.  S.  Schley 


U.  .Sehree 

E.  H.  Taunt 

S.  C.  Lemly  

W,  I.  Chambers . 


C.  H.  Harlow 

O.  W,  Melville 

EH.  Green 

.)ame.s  W.  Norman. 
J.  W.  Powers 


W. A. Coffin 


Rank,  &e. 


Conimandor,  commanilinB 

cxix'ilitioii. 
Lieutenant, 
no. 
Do. 
Ensipn,  transferred  to  Looh 

Oarry  at  St.,I(>tin'.s. 
Ensign. 

Chief  engineer 
Pas.se(l  as.sistant  snrjjeon. 
Ice  master. 
Yeoman,  actinK  captain  of 

hold  anil  pay.  j-eoman. 
Ship's  cook,  nctinK   l)oat- 

swain's  mate. 


Name. 


Riink,  &c. 


CienrRe  Harvey Boatswain's  mate. 

E.  W.  Walker Do. 

Jo.«eph  Mitre ;  Captain  of  top. 

JohnManin Captain  of  ti.     ,  actlnp 

l      qimrternia.ster. 

John  Cross Quartermaster. 

John  McLeod i  Po. 

Christian  Pol.son  ...j  Carpenter's  mate. 

Walter  Booth :  First -cla,s.s  mai.'liinist. 

.Jnnies  Francis Do. 

Adam  Stitt '  Blacksmith. 


W.J.  Fisher 
William  ffriffln. 

H.B.Neale 

F.  F.  Taylor 


First-class  fireman. 

Do. 

Do. 
Seaman. 


,,''*^  ^.'ii^i^^^?^ 


Kn^Uuof  Mi,.|villti,  t.  S.  N.,  will.  i. 

Ml  ■\'    .N>'ii    Ml'   Iwi.  sl;'c^     '•;   ,1  r    !  W  !'i 
■''(It:,     1    i-:  ^,lJ.li-U     U.i'i;- 


!■    .1 


Mili' 


,11; 


.\.  .1.  (  lii:,..  ;ii;i  i ';i>Ui;i.Mi 


L'ln-il    Ir.    T  ii  III 


ay  Inspector 


lilt'  'A  ! i.U'i  :■'■■[ !!,•:„ 
Unitt'dMliif.-.  fl,,.  p 

Hfockli'tliiv  - 
ling  rhein  .■; 


■|irr!  j  r, 


licrt;  JU  I, lit' 
t]|<ui   j'l'  ,111 


^  '•!•'■ 


':■.!!■    Wa;i     I'Ul     ill    '     M: 


El 


■IV  -It!:.. 


l.naTKNAsr  w.  li.  km,  ,RV,  l.  S.  ^.,  (ommam,,,,,  , 


II-  I  in;  JlKAu, 


OKKKI.Y   UKMKIT  KXI'KUrriON. 

Tliitin    {•iiuliMml. 


19 


Viiiiii'. 

I'.  W.,rnhi)H<)n  . , . 
Mli'liiu'l  Itli'kcy 
Hmtli,,  CiK.k 
K.  K.  HiiKiti'iM.ii., . 
Jiilin  Mi'Iioiiiihl 

(I K"  K.  Yi'Wi'll 

ThiiniitN  Mftlimi'y  . 


Iliiiik,  Jtr 


Hi'niiiuii. 
IK). 

1 1(1. 
I  III. 

Ht'iiiiiiiii,  OolliiKHhlirMi-iHik. 


Niiiiii'. 

<'arl  Wiitulcii 
('ImiiIi'mTiiiikHIiik 

Max  'I'yi-dii 

('.  NllH.111 

J.  II.  IjU'Hllll 


lOliik,  Au. 

Hciiiimn,  nctlriBK.  m.  mate, 
Cftlilii  Hivwiircl. 
I'lililn  ((Mik. 

Hi'iiiiinii    (III    iKini'd    I^hIi 
'  lurry. 
l)u, 


ItKAll. 


W  II  Kniiiry,  Jr 
K.  ll.Ci-.isliy 

J.C.Ciilwi'll 

N.  R.  THlirr 

I..  K  lii'yimlilM 

.Inlm  l,nwn 

II.  10.  Aimw 

K.  Ash    

.Il'llll  (Jill' VIM ll>    .. 

Ailhiir  l.lii.vd  ... 

IliiKl.  Ill k 

li  II.  Ki-iMiaii 

.I.r.  Hiirko 

('..I.  Carlson 

•I.''.  lOvilllH 

.1.  H.  Klctoh  T 

J.  HiilH>rts 


MIIIIIMIIllJIIK. 


Mc'iili'timil, 

I.li'ul.'iuint 

III). 

Do. 

Kiisi^'ii. 

Clili'f  I'liKliiiTr. 
I'as.sci|  nNsislaiil  siiiv;roii. 
Ice  master. 
Boatstvaln's  male. 

Do. 
QiiarteriimsU'r. 

Do. 
•  'aptalii  of  top. 

Do. 
Veoiimii. 

Cai-iicnler's  iiwile. 
Seaman. 


■  lolin  .lohn.son  i   i 

1   .lollll  .lollli.soll  c'l 

I  .lacoli.lolm.soii 
I  Allieil  .liisen  . . 
'  D.  M.  DIdrlkse  ... 

II.  KriiHliei'i; 

.l..l.('amplH>|l  .. 

•lolin  l,iii(li|iilKl..., 

I''ie(l  Ijiw 

lleiirKeSavo 

•MIoKehwaiv. 

•I.M.Iieain 

Ileliiy  Tllollia.4  .  , 

T., I.  Morton 

Archie  CniTie 

L.l'.Smilh 

.Inme.s  lionaii 


Hcnninii. 

Do. 

Ho. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Ship's  cook. 
( 'alihi  steward. 
Caliiii  c(Kik. 
K/i-sl-claKs  machinist. 

Do. 

Hlacksniiih, 

I'irst  class  flroman. 

Do. 

Do. 


ALKHT. 


Oporce  W.  ( '011111 
Charles  ,r.  Hmlner 

11., I. limit 

C.S.McClnIn  

A.  A.  .\ekcrmaii  .   , 
Wllliaiii  H.  Naiiman 

KS.Ntt.sh 

D.L.(.'itTord 

.hweph  Doylo 

I'hilip  Shnntz 

Alliert  Jones 

KdHBnl  White 

Frank  Blokiis  

I'.  C.  Hansen   

William  Hloom 

.\dam  Wcissel 

Olaf  Aiidei-son  

M.C.Boi 

.1.  K.  fireen 

Willlani  Haas 


Coniniaiider,  comniaiidiii); 
Ijeiitenant. 

Do. 
ICllsiKll. 
Do. 
1'ft.s.sed  assistant  i'n(;iiieei , 
l'a.ssed  a.s.si.stant  siir^'eon. 
lee  master. 
Hoiitswaiii's  mate. 
Viiarlerinnster. 
Captain  ef  top. 
Carpenter's  mate. 
Seaman. 
Do. 
Do. 
Ship's  cook. 
Cnhiii  cook. 
Seaman. 
I^Iaeiiiiiist. 
ri  1st  class  fireman. 


Tliomiis  Wilson 

John  Willis 

Thomiis  Hniujr,,,. 
Salviiior  TonlairoiM 
Charles  Anclei-sou  , 
Thos.  Heswct  heiie 
Cliristiaiidnyken 

Aiiiiiiid  (il.sen 

J.  I.iikshewitz. 
Charles  Trislrnm 
Ale.vaiuh'r  Wnt.soii 

Herman  Ijira 

W.  Wettercrcii 
Willi/im  J.  I'mvell   . 

John  Waehlrr 

.lohii  Sullivan 

T.  S.  Hol».rt,s 

A.  H.  Kenihle 

C.  Baxter 


First cla.ss  fireman. 

Do 
HoalsH  Hill's  iiinto. 
yiiartei-master. 
Ciij  tain  of  lop. 
Yeonian. 
Seaman. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Cahiii  steward. 
Maehiiii.s', 
l'"ii'st  iliusfi  fireman. 
Do. 
Do. 
Hliu-ksinith. 
Seaman. 


30 


ORKRI-Y   UKI-IKK   KXPKtMTION. 


H   B   Noalo.  nivnuin  of  (],..  Tlwfi.,  ,,,..1  V.  Maxtor,  s.-mnan  ..f  tlm 
Ahrt,  hciuK  In.ui.l  uns.,it..|  C,,-  th,,  Horvi.-u  wnv  tniiisf..m..l  at  Ht 
Jol.n  s  tn  N,nv  Y..rk.H...l  thoir  plucoH  H1I...1  l,y  tl).MM.Iistin.wit  r.f  ( Jon' 
Von  Sprccklsoii  and  .lolui  r)t'^,'fn. 

Each  nlli,.,.r  un.l  mai.  ..f  tlw  oxiMMii(i„n  willinKly  uii-Irrtook  tho 
mnlslnps  mul  .>.xiK.sunM,f  tl.is  sorvico,  un.l  f.-H  .■nn.|.IiMi..nt.Ml  an.l 
'"""•'■''•'  V  >■'»'"•  ♦'•'i'l«''-  "I'  tl |.|...rtmntv  to  ..n^raK*'  in  it 

Th..  ulIicTs  an.l  m.-n  w.t..  ..aivrnliy  ..xan.ino.l  l.y  ,i  ,n...li,.al  board 
at  tho  Navy  D.^partniont.  at  naval  Htuti.)ns.  or  on  hour.l  ship,  nndor 
instru.-tions  ..f  th,.  SMrK..on-fi..n,.ral  s.-ttin^  f,„'th  th..  |.hvsiral  stan.l. 
ard  necessary  t.)r  s.'rvice  in  (h.«  Arctic. 

It  was  dotonnine.1  from  the  l)eKiiiiiinK  to  coniposo  th..  .t.^ws  of'  tho 
oxiH.d,tionary  ships  ex.dnsivly  of  volnnt.Trs  from  tho  ahh,  s..am..n 
ot     lie  naval  servic.uui.l  of  mechani.'s  whose  frad..s  conn..<'t..d  tln^m 
with  tho  repairs  of  hnlls,  ongiiu-s,  or  l,oil..rs.     K..me  d.-lav  ..ccnrred 
111  K<'ttinKtheni  to^.-thor  hy  ivas.m  of  th..  n......ssarv  al.s..n.M.  of  tlio 

vessels  of  the  N..rth  Atlantic  .S.,na.lron  on  s..rvi,.e  in'tho  W.-st  Tn.li,.s 
I  h"  tune  ..t  their  pr..bal.lo  retnrn  north  hoing  t.)o  lato  to  make  vol- 

nnt....rslr.mith..ircr..wsavailal.le..rto«vftlH.ni  in  tini..  from  distant 
ports   tho  comman.iinKomc.r  of  th.'  Pouhatan.  Lieut.  Commandor 
L.  J.  1  rain,  j,^eiierously  gave  mo  tho  pick  of  his  crow.     Tho  enlisted 
men  of  tho  oxp«^ditioii  w..re  tak.'n  largelv  from  that  v..ss..| 
_    Aaso,mas  tlie  ollicers  had  ivport..d  for  duty  a  .h-tail  was  mad.,  and 
instructions  given  thom  to  inspect  all  articl.^s  .)f  ontHt  under  prepa- 
ration, and  to  rejK.rt  to  mo  daily  the  progirss  ma.lo  in  thes..veral 
.ic.l)artments,  as  well  us  any  delici,.m'ies  which  might  I...  discovered 
m  tlio  suhmitt...l  lists  of  outfit  and  st.nvs.     T!  „  m...licul  ..llicors  inv- 
pure.l  th..  in..<lical  outfit  an.l  w(.r.>  charg...!  wit],  th..  inspection  of  all 
provisions  inten.led  for  th..  expedition. 

Ill  tills  way  it  was  easier  for  mo  to  know  at  tho  beginning  of  .-u.-h 
(lay  all  that  was  going  on.  and  to  k<...p  up  with  the  pivparation  of 
overything  ne....le.l.  S..v..ral  important  IValuivs  ..,1110  und..r  consi.l- 
erati.m  in  this  way  an.l  were  a.l.l...l  to  .uir  lists.     At  the  same  tim., 

th..  ..Ihcers  were  familiariz...!  wit h  ev,.ry  art  i.de  p,vpar...l  or  puivhas..d 
tor  tho  htting  of  their  v..ssels. 

The  supplies  and  .nittits  wore  well  under  wav  hv  the  first  w....k  in 
April,  thcjse  for  tho  Boat-  being  most  a.lvau.M.d  in'ord.-r  to  start  her 
ii..rth  by  tho  24th  of  April.  Fe.^ling  confi.lent  that  tho  date  of  her 
doparturo  w..uld  not  bo  delayed  the  following  orders  wore  given  her 
connuandinj'  officer: 

U.   S.   S.    TlIETlS. 

Nnry-Ynrd,  Xnr  Voih;  April  Ifi,  lss4 

.  ^'^\  Jof  ^''"'  ^"^'""^  """  "^  *'"'  '"''"''  "•■  ^''"  '■'^""^  <'vi'«lition  to  h.'uW  Franklin 
fly  of  1884  a.s  soon  as  slu-  is  in  all  n'spcrts  r,.a.ly  for  tho  .•,.nt..n.plat<.,l  searcl.  you 
III  pr<K-...>,l  w>th  h..r  under  your  connnan.l  to  St.  Johns.  N..wfonu.llan.l,usin«"tlu. 

^.nost  dispatch  consistent  with  safety,  reporting,  by  teleRraph  your  arrival,  to  the 

secretary  of  the  Navy, 


1^ 


nREEr,Y    UKI.IKK   KXPRDITroN. 


21 


\our  Htay  ut  St.  J..hnH  will  U-  Ihnil.Nl  U.  th*.  tlim,  w'timlly  m^M  to  fill  up  with 
.■.Mil.  t..  r......iv..  twi.ty  .|..«H.  with  tli..irlmrm.«H,lor.NWv,.|«o  |„.irHnf  m-nlnkin  UkX* 

iiml  .m..  KWnoro  cui.  Tor  m,U  imthoi,  .•..iM,H.Hir.j,'  jour  Mhipn  ,ni„,,u,iy,  mi.l  t„  ,„«{,« 
iii(|iiiriiM  iiM  to  Ihi'  i iicliiliiiiM  to  till'  iiHitliwiinl, 

\'''');,;"'l;'"•'••'''"'^i'•H■l'liti-nJ•.MM•...kK.,.k.larK,.«.«|)HklnHt,.lHM.«.lforHolinK 
H«,lH       h,.|„r..K„lnK  u.ti.l..H,  ..X,  ..,.t  tim  ,H,k^,^>k  hIcIi...  lmv..lM«.n  »r.l..r...l  through 

Alt...-  all  supi.li.M  hav..  Ih..,,  „l.(ain..l  yn„  will  pr.H I,  ,w  h.h,„  hh  pm.ai.ul.le.  to 

u"'f '.'."•  rr;""  ',"■".""  ^'•"•""^"'■"^  "'•'''••'  H"'"  yu  wi'luwulttlm  ar- 

rival of  thf  r/,.7M,  ..xr-pt  ill  th..  .•ontinK..iui..H  l...r..a)lri-  m..nti.)n..,l 

In  tlH.  i„t..rval  y.,„  will  .all  ,.pon  tl...  DaMinl.  au!h„nli,.H.  whon.  yo„  wil „l.t- 

•HH  Hn,|  mi.ly  un,l  wmu.«  t..  .vn,!..,-  yo..  any  aHHislMMr...    ,At  tl.lH  ,H.lnt  yo.i  will  H.K.ur« 

l.io-.Kl.  Ih..  autl.o.-,ii..H  an  KH,,i.in.aux  inl..rpr,.|...-  to  a.t  as  .Irivr  for  tla-  .Io^h  .-n. 

n  lho,M,..H  n.ay  .1....,,,  prop,.,- an.l  .jnKl;  If  Ik.shII.I..,  you  will  st^.„r..  ,i  Hin.ilar  ,H.rHun 
fur  tilt.  ///.7/K  ami  AlrrI  to  U.  rraily  on  tlifir arrival. 
Hhonhl  you  r...-..iv,.  infornuition  U.fore  n>y  arrival  timt  LioutHmnt  (JrMy'H  mrtv 

.•nrli,.Ht  ,K...a.ion  wla-n,  in  your  .iu,lK.n..nt.  it   will  1...  «af..  t<.  att.nipt  tl»,  „aHH«ir« 

;"■■■'":"  •\''"^"''-  '"'-v  i • •  to  r hin,.  Thl.fa,.t  you  will  n- -t  U    nX  Ho  "! 

•nuni.ation,  to  l„.  L.f,  at  DiH.o  or  lI|H.rnavik,  or  at  iH.th  pl«,.,.H 

;"',""'  ':'"'"'■  ■^""  '"">■  I"- '  '->■""■'  Up..rnavik,  if  any  s.n.Hal  ..in.u.uHtann.H 

.V.sfly  ,su,.l,  n.ov..nu.nt;  hut.  you  will.u„,l..r .ircun-nta, .advun....  into  N    it    ' 

.Soun<l  unt.l  ou..  o,  tlu.  v..s.s..1h  of  th,-  r..li..f  .x lition  shall  arriv  at  Litlh-ton  1,1 

M  ..ss  Ho,u..  una....o,.ntahl..  .l.-lay  IhuIs  you  to  lM.li..v..  that  no  oth..r  ship  will  arri  ■  .' 
in  which  raHi.  you  will  ii«.  y„ur  IH-Ht  judKnicit. 

In  ew."  of  yotn-  a.lyun,-..  In-yo,,,!  lJp,.ruavik,  it  is  ..xp..,.t...I  that  you  will  pr.n 1 

M.th  .aution.  o,.wa,-,l  to  Cap..  V.,rk  .,r  U-y.,,,,!,  if  n.r.mivy  to  Lit  |..ton  Inlm  I   h  i 

MK  .n  ,t  .,..  lan.l  1....,  ,-,.  tl,..  safeHt  an.l  Hun.st  m.-ans  of  working  m.rth  availing. 
.^ours..l  o,  tl...  lonil  kn...  l..,lK..  of  your  i.-..  pih.t.  as  far  as  it  n.aj  I...  s  .f  |  ..r 
H..ar..|,  t l...n  n.ust  n...ln.U.  tlu-  ..oa«t  an-l  islan.ls  fn.n.  Cap..  V.,rk  o.nvar.l  " 

„*'•".'"     "■  ""•""■"'  '"•  -'"'"^'  '"■•  * I-ti„ation  i„di.at...l  you  w.H  'o  L„t)v 

In  all  n.atters  of  iiav  irau.)ii  luuch  i.nisi  lu.  i-wf  f.  •    .      ""'"""*'"'"«• 

ti-rmmed  by  your  judgiueut  an.l  alertness.  nt<-t8sity   bt-  .le- 


22 


fiREELV  RELIKF  EXPEDITION. 


Tlie  t\'^v  sailing  .lirocti.m.H  pul.li.she,!  by  the  Hy.ln.Krapl.ic  Offl,-,.  aro  rommPn.]p.l 
to  your  attention,  and  wl.enever  your  service  may  |.erniit  you  to  add  to  their  accu- 
racy or .  \tent  it  is  desired  lliat  this  he  done. 

The  ex..TCiHe  of  your  ships  ,-.,n.pany  will  he  lindted  to  -(ire  (luarters"  and 
•  ahan<]onni^'  ship  :"  hoth  will  he  fre,,uent  an,l  exact ;  durin-  the  latU'r  men  will  he 
statume,!  m  tlie  h<.als,  an.l  the  elothin-,  provisions,  andammunition  to  1«.  provided 
hy  .■aeh  <m..  is  to  he  accurately  described. ami  the  officers  and  crew  are  to  he  in- 
structe.1  ui  carrying  them  to  the  boats,  where  stow,.,!,  and  how  most  ,,uicklv  an.l 
easdy  reached.  ' 

The  rubber  knapsa.^k  provichMl  is  to  he  ke|,t  pa.^ked  with  a  complete  shift  ol' 
clothes  and  IS  to  iH^  kept  hanging  in  the  .p.arters  of  men  ami  ofH.ersan.l  nu.st  be 
worn  m  all  exercises  of  abandoning  shiji. 

Reaching  the  i,e  regions,  yon  will  k,ep  on  deck  at  least  si.xty  days' suppiv  of  pro- 
visions, to  he  landed  on  the  ice  if  caught  in  the  pack  or  in  danger  of  a  nip    " 

Jb.ney  will  be  su).plie,l  you  at  New  York  to  defray  necessarv  expenses  affr  leav- 
uig;  m  all  ex,.enditiiivs  of  it  you  will  cause  vouchers  in  tripn,.ate  to  be  execut.-.l 
torwar.lmg  originals  and  dupli,.ates from  St.  John's  to  the  |,avma.ster  of  the  re.eiv- 
ing.ship  <'olora<lo.  retaining  the  triplicates  on  boanl. 

You  will  husband  your  coal  an,l  .sto  e.^  after  leaving  St.  John's,  and  remember  to 
he  careful  in  shifting  your  provisions  below  when  snlticient  .^oal  lias  been  use.l  to 
atfectthe  stability  of  the  ship  to  anv  serious  exti'iit. 

Direct  the  surgeon  of  y,.,„-  ves,s,.l'  to  take  charge  of  the  expen.liture  and  acount 
of  all  provisions  an.l  .L.thing  in  a,r.,r.lance  with  the  e,stablish...l  f..rms.au,l  cause  a 
daily  bill  of  fare  t..  be  prepare.l  for  officers'  an.l  men's  uie.sses 

Tw,,  heliographs  will  be  supph-e.l your  vessel,  one  to  InMised  in  all  boat.u-  sl.Mlue 
expe.hti..ns,  for  signaling  in  a.ror.lan.v  with  th..  Army  signal  .■o.l,.  to  the  ship 

Regulate  with  exa.tii..ssth..  .laily  am.Mint  ..f  ...al  t..  b,.  u.s..,l  by  the  ,.„.nn,'.  an.l 
by  the  .st.,v..s.  an.l  giv..  ..xplicit  .liiv.ti.-ns  to  th..  .hjcf  ...igineer  toliave  it  .■arefully 
weigne.1  from  th.-  outset  for  both  p.ir,M.s,.s.  l„,|,ling  him  to  a  strict  accountability 
tor  any  vi.ilati.m  .if  tli.'se  .)rders.  ' 

A11..W  „.,  waste  of  iirovisi.ms,  stores,  cl.itliing.  or  coal,  but  impress  upon  v.iur 
otli.vrs  an.l  men  the  ucmI  of  frugality  in  all  that  concerns  your  living  ..r  m.'.tive 
en.lurance. 

The  commercial  cotle  of  signals  will  b,>  us,>d  inst.-a.l  .,f  the  Navy  cod,,  in  all  flas 
signa  s  lH.tween  the  ships,  an.l  t,.  this  end  you  will  familiarize  v.mrself  an.l  .lirect 
all  olhcers  t.)  .1.)  th.' same  witli  their  use. 

Transmit  a  .•.,m|.l..t..  muster-roll  ..f  y.mr  crew,  before  .sailing,  to  the  Bureau  of 
iMinipment  an.l  R.vruiting.  an.l  a  list  ..f  y.mr  ..flicers  t..  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  • 
rep.,rt  al.s..  to  tl...  Binvau  of  K.,uipin.>nt  an.l  R.vruitiug  from  St.  J..lin's any  changes 
111  y.air  crew  prior  t.)  l.'aving  that  jiort,  sli.ml.l  any  occur  " 

F.,ryouriiif..rmati.mIwoul.lstat..  that  the  party  of  Lieutenant  Greely  is  com- 
pos,..! of  twenty-f.mr  per.s,.ns,  f.mr  ..f  this  numb,.r  being  c.,mnii.ssione.l  ofH.vrs  tl... 
n.niain.ler  noii-c.,mmissi..n...l  offi,.,.rs  an,l  privates.  B,.for,.  l.-aving  N,.w  Y.ak'an.l 
St.  John  sy.m  will  iiLstitute  a  slri,.tm..,li,.al,.xa.ninati,m  of  your  crew  ami  anv  men 
f.am.l  .lis.inalifi...l  will  b..  ivturned  t..  th,.  r,...,.iving  s'lip  Col.a-ado  ami  tli,.ir  pla.'es 
sui)|)lie.l  by  transfer  .)r  ..nlistni..nt. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

W,  S.  SCHLKY,  Commander.  U.  S.  N 

Li..ut.  W.  11.  E.M„RY  ''"" """""  ''''■'''■'■"  '"'"'-^  "-/"""fion. 

CminiKiiiiliiKj  r.  S.  S.  fii'iir, 

Urivli/  Jicliif  Kxjn'ililion. 


GREELY   RELIEF   EXPEDITION. 


23 


Gm'illr"  "  ^^"'^"""•"-"l-  -<'  thence  for  the  Joast  of 

The  iK.imlar  donionstration  ,.f  sympatliy  with  tlie  object  of  tins 

p'onh^vritTnr    "*"■•"'  -'f  ""•^'  ^'"*^^y"'^-     Thousands  of  ou 
poi^HMs,te<l  the    navy-yanl  to  see  the  vessel  off,  while  the  New 
York  and  Brcx>klyn  sides  of  tlie  East  River  were  crowde,!  with  pe 

A\  liile  all  hands  cheered  her  until  out  of  si.r],t 
On  her  way  outward  to  St.  Jolm's  th,.  IMu-uu^t  unusually  severe 

>'<l  his  oth(ei.s  and  men  tully  understood  the  importance  of  every 

S  lete"  /  TS  *'r?  '.'"™^  *"--■'!  «.e  imperilJl  party.  ' 

hhe  reache.   St.  John's  on  May  1.  seven  days  from  New  York  and 

only  remained  sufficiently  Ion,,  to  effect  son.e 'repairs,  male  necessary 
cr  rough  passage  from  New  York,  an.l  to  take  on  board  coa^to 

H^placj  tl.d  consnn.ed;  to  procure  seal-skin  boots.  Elsinore  caps  and 

bailing  May  -1,  her  energetic  commanding  officer  pnslied  onward  to 
Godhaven  «.rongh  gales,  ice  floes,  ice  fields,  and    ogs,  an     3 Id 

proper  direction.     Duriii"- this  iiifm-v.,!  ,><•  i  i      '".^^"/^"  r^om  the 
,  1  .  ^"iiii^  iiiis  inu'ival  of  delay  Lieutennnt  I'liiniMr 

of  the  W  "/  T^        abandoning  ship  on  the  ice-foot  at  the  mouth 
ot  the  haiboi.    Torpedoes  were  exploded  to  test  their  effect  and  J, 
visions  were  got  up  and  stowed  abreast  of  boats  '         * 


I 


24 


(iKEELV   KELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


TliR  wishod  for  olianpfe  csmw  finuUy  on  tlie  t>7tli.  Immediately  it 
WHS  taken  advautaf,'e  of  and  i\u\  Ih'av  reaelied  Ui)eniavik  on  tht- 
afternoon  of  May  --iS,  havin^^  iirst  ^-ono  to  tlie  Brown  Islands,  some 
IS  miles  farther  north,  where  the  ice  was  found  unbroken,  with  no 
])rospect  of  advance,  owing  to  solid  barriers  in  all  direetions. 

The  following  morning  the  Thclis  arrived  at  Uiiei'navik  and  fell 
in  with  the  Bear.  The  history  of  the  movements  of  the  latter  vessel 
from  this  jjoint  ot  departure  will  be  embraced  in  that  of  the  Tlii-fis. 
as  both  ships  were  always  together  until  Iheir  arrival  at  Cape  York. 

Tlie  outfit  ami  stores  of  the  Thciin  having  bren  completed  and 
stt)wed  on  board  by  the  morning  of  May  i.  she  sailed  at  ;2.;!()  p.  m.  oi 
that  day  in  obedience  to  y<nir  order,  as  follows : 


Navy  Depahtmknt, 
W'lmhi Hilton.  Ain-il  ^>1,  1884. 
Sir:  Tl\e  Thetis,  Bear,  and  Alert,  tlic  sliijisof  tlu-Circcly  IJclicf  Kxiicrlitioii  of  1HS4, 
))finK  ready,  you  iirc  ordcivd  to  take  coniruaiid  of  tlifiii  and  lo  piocccd  to  the  coaHt 
o!'  (irecnlaiid.or  iarthfi-  north,  if  necessary,  and.  if  possilile.  to  find  and  ri'scni'.  or 
ascertain  tlie  fate  of  l.ieiit.  .\.  \V.  (ireely  and  his  comrades. 

All  the  officers  and  men  under  your  i unand  are  heieliy  enjoined  to  perform  any 

duty  on  .sea  or  land  to  which  you  may  order  Uieni. 
No  detailed  in.structions  will  he  given  you. 

Full  conlicU'iice  is  felt  that  you  Iiave  hoth  the  capacity  and  couraKe,  guided  hy 
diser.tion,  neces.sary  to  do  all  that  can  he  recpiired  of  yciu  hy  the  Deparlmcnt  or  the 
nation  for  the  rescue  of  our  imperiled  counlrvmen. 

With  earnest  wishes  and  high  hoi)es  for  your  .success  anil  sale  return. 
I  am.  very  respectfully, 

WM.  K,  CIIAN'DLKR, 

,      ,.,  ,.  ^icreturij  of  the  Nitvji. 

tAtnimander  Winkikij)  S.  Sciii.kv.  U.  S.  N.. 

CommandiiKj  tlie  (Inrhi  h'elief  Krjjrdilioii. 

The  repetition  of  the  populai'  demonstration  of  sym})athy  along 
our  route  to  .sea  was  extremely  gratifying. 

The  .salutes  of  cannon  from  the  navy-yard,  (jovernor's  Island,  and 
Fort  Hanulton  when  the  Thcfi.s  jiassed  could  only  be  answered  by 
the  dijipiiig  of  (mr  colin's.  as  the  shij)  carried  no  guns. 

The  ollicers  and  men  were  much  timched  by  the  evidence  of  your 
.sympathy  and  int(>rest  when  the  '/'((l/itpoii.sa  steamed  as  far  as  the 
lower  l)ay  with  us  to  say  the  last  good-bye,  and  to  se(>  the  last  of  the 
ship  and  her  ofTicers  u])on  whom  you  had  conferred  such  resjionsi- 
biliLy  and  honor. 

Reaching  the  Sandy  Hook  light-ship  the  vessel  was  swung  to 
determine  deviation  of  her  com])a,s.ses,  after  which  she  contiiuied  on 
to  sea  and  reached  St.  John's,  N(!wfoundland,  at  ;{.;J5  a.  m..  May  !i, 
after  a  most  delight  fid  ])a.ssage  of  eight  <1ays,  without  other  incidents 
than  a  slight  break  down  of  the  connecting  rod  of  the  a.ir-])um|i, 
which  w  '.s  promptly  re^jaired  in  a  few  hours  by  Chief  Engineer  Mel- 
ville. 


OREELY  HELIEK  EXPEDITION. 


25 


.xA.^''''i;^''\*^T^^'  ""*  '"'^"""  "i.i"»Tt<.  the  hand  of  Machinist 
W  alter  hcioth  also  occurml  (hiring  tliis  passage.  While  (filing  the 
engine  Booth's  hand  was  caught  iu  the  machinery  and  his  fintrers 
cruslied.  ° 

My  stay  at  St.  John's  was  limited  to  two  days  and  a  lialf,  during 
which  time  seal-skin  boots,  Elsinore  caps  for  the  crew,  and  coal  to 
replace  that  consumed  during  the  i)assage  were  taken  on  board;  also 
twenty-two  Labrador  .logs  for  service  with  sleds  north.  These  dogs 
were  also  obtained  by  United  States  Consul  Molloy  from  T.abrador 

In  tlie  interval  I  availed  myself  of  an  opiwrtunity  to  cjui  UTJon  tlie 
civil  and  military  autiioritics  of  the  p(jrt. 

The  Loch  Uarnj,  a  chartered  coal  steamer,  witli  5()()  tons  of  Welsh 
coal,  commanded  by  Capt.  Robert  Jones,  reported  b.  me  as  a  fourth 
vessel  of  the  expedition. 

The  charter  under  which  he  served  reads  as  follows: 

Tliis  Charter  Party,  luaile  and  com  Imled  uiioii  in  the  city  of  New  York  tlie  '^Oth 
day  of  March,  1HH4,  l.etwee.i  .Sutton  &  Co, ,  aKents  for  owners  of  the  g,.,.,!  in,n  s  rew 
steamship  Loch  U„n;i.  of  Dundee,  of  !)r,(l  tons  gross  register,  and  010  tons  net  reg- 
ister: liavmg  engnies  of  lis  lioise-i.ow.T.  and  classed  A  1  (built  in  188(1)  at  Lh.yds 
ol  1  .-^OO  tons  dead  weiglit  or  thereai.oi.ts,  inchisive  of  fuel  and  stores,  now  in  Eurone' 
and  ComnKKtore  Earl  English,  ( 'hief  of  Bureau  of  E-iuipnient  and  Reeruiting,  Jnited 
.States  ^avy  Department,  l)y  authority  of  the  Secretiuies  of  War  and  tlie  Naw 
eliarterers: 

AVitnessoth,  that  the  said  agents  agree  to  let,  and  the  said  charterers  agree  to 
hue  tlie  said  steamship  for  the  term  of  three  calendar  months,  from  the  fith  day  of 
Aprd,  she  being  then  (aftei  doeking  and  cleaning  bottom)  placed  at  the  disposal  c-f 
the  charterers,  at  Cardilf,  in  sueh  dock  or  at  such  wharf  or  place  (where  she  may 
always  safely  lie  afloat,  at  all  times  of  tide)  as  eliarterers  may  direct,  she  being 
then  ready  to  receive  cargo,  nnd  lieing  tight,  staunch,  strong,  and  every  way  fitted 
for  the  service  (and  with  full  complement  of  otHcers,  seamen,  engineJrs,  and  fire- 
men lor  a  vessel  of  her  tonnage),  to  be  employed  in  carrying  MO  tons  of  coal  in 
bags  (and  passengers,  so  far  as  acconumxlation  permit)  within  the  following  limits 
viz:  Cardiff,  Wales,  to  St..Iolin-s,  Newfoundland,  for  orders  to  proceed  fromthenej 
as  o.dere,l  by  tlie  (ireely  Helief  Expedition  :  the  Unit*".!  States  Government  assuiii- 
nig  all  risks  of  v  essel  and  cargo  as  soon  as  the  steamer  reports  at  St.  Johns.  Value 
of  vessel,  £15,000,  etpial  to  ITo.ODO,  on  tlie  following  conditions  : 

Tliat  theownere  shall  provide  and  pay  for  all  provisions,  wages,  and  consular 
shipping  and  discharging  fees  of  tlie  captain,  oflicers,  engineers,  firemen,  an(i  crew 
shall  pay  all  engine  room  stores, and  maintain  her  in  a  thoroughly  efficient  state  in 
null  and  maclimery  for  and  during  the  service. 

That  tlie  agents  shall  acvpt  and  pay  for  all  coal  in  the  steamer's  bunkers,  and 
lie  owners  shall,  on  expiration  of  tliis  Charter  Party,  pay  for  all  coal  left  in  the 
hunkers,  at  tlie  current  market  prices  at  the  res,.e,ctive  ports  wlien  she  is  delivered 
to  them. 

That  the  eliarterers  shall  pay  for  the  use  and  hire  of  the  said  vessel  at  the  rate  of 
*;•',  I'f  S'""'*''  r^'K'«ti'>-  ton  p,,.r  .■alendar  month,  commencing  on  and  from  the  day 
of  her  delivery,  as  afotesaid.  hire  to  continue  until  her  delivery  in  like  gocHl  ordeV 
and  condition  to  the  owners,  fair  wear  and  tear  only  excepted  (unle.ss  lust),  at  Hal- 

It  is  understood  and  agreed  that  the  steamer  is  to  be  at  St.  John's,  Newfoundland, 
before  the  10th  day  of  May  next   ,laiigeis  of  seas  ."xcepted. 


m 


26 


OKKRf.Y    HK(,TKF   KXI'KDITION. 


Payment  of  tlic  saiil  liiif  (o  l«'  nijulc  in  cash  at  New  York,  monthly,  in  advance. 

That  the  cargo  or  cargoes  may  !»■  lailcri  or  ilischargcd  in  any  (l<ii'k,  or  at  any 
wharf  or  place  that  tlic  charterers  or  then-  agents  may  direct,  provided  thestwimer 
can  always  safely  lie  atloat  at  any  time  of  tide. 

Tiiat  tlve  wliolt^  reach  of  tlie  vessel's  holds,  decks,  an<l  iistial  places  of  loading, 
and  aceomtnodation  of  tlie  ship  (not  lieing  more  than  sh(>  can  reasonaMy  stow  <  r 
cm-ry)  shall  he  at  the  cliarterers'  ilisjiosal,  reserving  only  jiroper  and  sntlicient  space 
for  ship's  ollleers,  crew,  tackle,  appani,  Inniitnre,  provisions,  stores,  and  fnel. 

Tliat  the  (■i..i>tain  shall  prosecnte  his  voyage  with  the  ntmost  dispatch,  and  shall 
render  all  cnstomary  assistance  with  shi))'s  crew  and  hoats. 

Tliat  the  captain  (ah  hongh  appointed  hy  the  owners)  shall  he  nnder  the  orders 
an<l  directions  of  the  charterers  as  regards  employment,  agency,  or  other  arrange- 
ments, and  the  chartenTs  herehy  agree  to  indemnify  the  owners  from  all  conse- 
(piencesor  liahilities  that  may  arise  from  the  captain  signing  hills  of  lading,  or  in 
otherwise  complying  with  the  same. 

That  if  the  cliartiTers  shall  have  reason  to  lie  <lissatis(ied  with  the  conduct  of  the 
captain,  ollicers,  or  engineers,  llu,  owners  shall,  on  receiving  particniars  of  the  com- 
plaint, investigate  the  same,  ami  if  necessary  mak<'  a  change  in  the  appointments. 

That  tlu^  charterers  shall  have  p,  rmission  \o  apjioint  a  sniiercargo,  who  shall  ac- 
conii>any  the  steamer  and  see  that  the  voyages  are  pro.secnted  with  the  utmost  dis- 
patch. 

That  the  ma.ster  shall  he  I'nrnished  from  time  to  time  with  all  reciuisite  instruc- 
tions anil  sjiiling  ilinclions,  and  shall  keep  a  full  and  correct  log  of  the  voyage  or 
voyages,  which  are  to  1  e  paten!  to  the  ch.irti'rers  or  their  agents. 

That  the  charterers  shall  have  (he  option  of  conlinuing  the  charter  on  the  same 
terms  for  a  fnrlher  jH'riod  of  three  months  nionUdy,  on  giving  due  and  sntlicient 
notice  thereof  to  the  agents  previous  (o  the  expiration  of  the  nrst-named  term. 

That  previous  to  arrival  at  .St.  John's,  in  the  event  of  lo.ss  of  time  from  dellciency 
of  men  or  stores,  lireakilown  of  machinery,  or  damage  ju-eventing  tlie  working  of 
the  vessel  for  more  thiin  forty-e'glit  working  hours,  the  payment  of  liire  shall  cease 
until  she  he  again  in  an  etlicient  slate  to  resume  her  service  :  hut  sho:iM  the  vessel 
he  driven  in  port  or  to  anchorage  hy  stress  of  weather,  or  from  any  accident  to  the 
cargo,  such  detention  or  loss  of  lime  .hall  k' at  the  charterers' risk  and  expense. 

That  should  the  vessel  lie  lost  after  the  .  x  inition  of  the  first  three  months,  freiglit 
paid  in  advance  and  not  earned  (reckoning  from  tie  date  of  her  losis),  shall  he 
returned  to  the  charterers.  The  act  of  (4od,  tiie  Queen's  enemies,  lire,  restraints  of 
lirinces,  rulers,  and  peoiile,  and  all  othe  ■  dang  ts  and  accidents  of  th  ■  se  i,  ri'ers, 
machinery,  hollers,  and  steam  navigation  through<iut  this  Charter  Party  always 
luutually  excepted. 

That  should  any  dispute  arise  lietween  the  owners  and  the  charterers,  the  matter 
in  dispute  shall  lie  referred  to  three  jiersons  at  New  York,  one  to  he  apiiointed  liv 
each  of  the  parties  hereto,  and  the  third  hy  the  two  sochosn,  their  decision,  or 
that  of  any  two  of  thi'in,  shall  he  final,  and  for  the  purpose  of  enforcing  any  award 
this  agreement  may  he  made  a  rule  of  coiu-t. 

That  the  owners  sliall  have  a  lien  upon  , ill  cargoes  and  all  suhfreiglits  for  any 
amounts  due  un  'er  this  charter;  and  the  charterers  to  liave  a  lien  on  the  ship  for 
all  moneys  paid  in  advance  anl  not  earn  d. 

All  derelicts  and  salvage  shall  he  for  owners'  and  charterers'  eiplal  lienefit.  Pen- 
alty for  non-performance  of  this  contract,  estimated  amount  of  damages. 

Signed  in  the  presence  oi  James  Patterson,  as  to  Sutton  &  t'o. 

SUTTON  &  CO. 
Signed  in  the  presence  of  S.  Henriipies,  as  to  FmyI  English. 

KAUT,  ENGUSTI, 
Cliirf  of  Hidritii  iij'  Kqiiipineitt  and  Recruiting. 


ORRKr.Y   HKUEP  RXI'EDITION, 


27 


Ensign  W.  I.  CluunU.,,,  with  tw,.  Hou,un>.  Curl  Nils..,,  u,k1  J,„, 
B  Lu  s.m.  we,-..  ,k.ta,l.d  f.,,-  duty  .,„  hoavd  tl.e  Loch  Uanu,  undo  • 
tlie  loUowmg  order  to  Me,  Cliandjer.s  : 


U.  S.  H.  THE!  IS, 
8,u:  Yon  are  hereby  detail.,  for  ,„.ty  o..  ..  J-,;;;':;:^  tl^l.^ "Z^::  l^-, 

^t:z::::z:it:j^- ""  ""■ '  '■'"■«'""""  ^"^  ^""-'-  •-  -"-« 

You  will  k,.,.,,  wat.li  an.l  r,..,uin.  th-.  two  s,.ni>u.r.  acconiniuiyiiiir  vou  to  do  tl.o 

z'li.:"  :;;r"*" ""' ■ ""  '""^*"  '""^ "-  -^-^^^^  ^^^- 

Yo»  will  voiify  tho  nmstH-s  position  as  .U.t..rmif.(.d  each  day,  and  yor  will  keen 

»  msiio  DiasiS  attor  tlic  sanii'  system. 

«l.eo,I  siKiKils  dnring  tlu-  day  will  1»,  l.y  senior  offlcer's  ,K>nant;  if  not  i.oisled 
fn    s  ...cHl  wdl  1„.  n.h.at..d  :  if  half  way  up.  half  s,,,.,., ;  and  U  at  .n.^.lu.a.l.  stop^! 

DmniK  loKy  woatluT  on..  l.Iast  of  th  ,  st..an.  whistl..  will  in.li.'at..  s  l.w  tw. 
|-ts  stopped;  tlnv..  .,las,s.  ha-dun. ;  an.l  fonr  Masts,  alwa.l  fnll  s,»  l.l     o  ,.:,  1^^^ 

Tlu>  TMi.  will  ..onvoy  tl...  rMvh  Gm-n,  .mtwar.l,  an.l  y.m  will  maintain  -i  ,...si,ion 
<>fal.,,nt  thre..  cable  l....Kths.m  l..r  s,,al,..ar,l  ,p.art..-  wluM,  pra."i.l^^^^^^^ 

::':^S:;;;\;:S  ^'-'-«tnu.tio„smaybochanKodl.ysiKna. 

Very  respectfully,  w.  S.  SCilLEY.  Commander.  U.  H  N 

EnslKU  W.  I.  CHAMBKHS,  U.  S.  N.  """'""'"'''"^  ^'''^'^''^  ^^''"'Z  ^^^e'^'-'*-*. 

The  following  in.«truction.s  wore  given  to  Captain  Jones : 

U.  S.  S.  Thetis, 

llns  ofhcer  will  represent  the  Oovernment  and  will  act  un.ler  my  immediaio 


28 


OREELV    RELIEF   EXPEDITION. 


ruliiiiiH  ;  rouiiKiiwation  for  th(»  latU'i-  tu  !«■  adjuHt'cl  mid  mUlcd  by  the  Uiiitud  Htates 
CuiiHul  iitHt.  JdIiii'h  ii|><)ii  I't'tiirn  lo  tliiit  |ii)i't, 

Very  rvHin'ctfully,  your  oU'diciit  wi'rvant, 

\V.  H.  HC!HLKY,  Cnmnuinih-r,  U.  S.N., 
Coiiininiiilinii  (Invlii  HvUi'f  Ki-jirilHion, 
Cajlt.  llOBEKT  JONEH, 

StidiiiiT  l.<x'li  (l<irrjf. 

Tlu^so  prt'liiiiiiiiu'ics  arniii.tjfcd.  luid  fill  iirtifli's  on  Imuril.  tin-  Thetis 
HiiiltMliit  On.  III.,  iMiiy  lt>.  for  ( iodliiivcii.  with  tlii'  Lixh  (lurnj  uiider 
convoy.  A  sti'onK  lii'ft'zo  sprung  u[)  tlicurtfrnoonoftliudiiy  of  Mailing 
from  St.  Jolm's  witli  dcnwc  fog,  wliicdi  greatly  incrfiiscd  tlio  ditlirtii- 
lics  of  niivigation  in  tliis  rt'gioii,  wlicri-  laigc  icolicrgs  wrrc  nuincroiis 
and  often  passed  at  close  (luarters.  Reacliing  tlu*  latitude  of  Cape 
Furowell  the  TIicIin  fell  in  with  the  first  lield  ice.  l)iit  littie  diniciilty 
was  experienced  in  working  through  it.  ( )pen  water  was  held  from 
this  point  n\)  t«  the  south  side  of  ])isi-o  Hay,  where  we  encountered  u 
large  nundierof  hea\y  icebergs,  Lut  separated  sulliciently  to  permit 
l)assage  through  them. 

May  'Z\  the  ship  crossed  the  Arctic  circle,  and  from  that  point  had 
continuous  daylight,  which  greatly  lacilitateil  our  work. 

Passsing  through  many  dangerous  ohstriu'tions  of  ice  an<l  iceh-i'gs 
onward  to  (jodluiven,  the  entrance  to  this  harbor  was  found  oli- 
.slrncted  by  heavy  Hoe  ice.  No  great  dilliculty  was  experienced  hi 
breaking  a  passage  for  the  Lnvh  (/a/v/yinto  liie  harbor,  wbere  botli 
ships  arrived  and  moored  to  the  land  ice  at  S  a.  m..  May  'I'l. 

A  strong  southerly  bi'cezi^  tlu^  following  day  packed  tbe  small 
iiarbor  so  full  of  ice  that  the  Thetis  and  Lovli  (Uinti  were  detained 
for  thirty-six  hours. 

David  Danielson.  Eskimo,  was  engaged  at  Disco  as  dog  driver  of  the 
Thetis.  Lieutenant  Emory's  letter  id'  advice  informed  me  that  he 
had  employed  Hans  Hansen  In  same  capacity  for  the  Hear.  Their 
])ay  was  fixed  at  iy'M>  per  month. 

During  the  delay  at  (iodiiaven  I  calle<l  iijion  H<m.  A.  Anderson. 
in.spect()r  of  North  Greenland  and  the  governor  of  the  district.  Dur- 
'ing  this  visit  the  inspector  informed  me  that  he  had  iinrchased  thirty 
dogs,  ordered  by  Lieut.  K.  A.  (jarlingtoii  last  year  in  accordance  with 
the  following  communication  from  that  officer,  and  that  they  were 
ready  for  (hdivery  to  the  shijjs  ; 

Untted  States  Rei-ikf  Expedition. 
lJ]icni(irih:  Narth  (Inridiiinl.  Si'jiti'nhcr  2,  188H. 
Sih:  Ihave  the  honor  to  re()ut'st  tliat  you  will  iirovidc  for  the  use  of  tlie  [uiis- 
pective  expedition  of  ni'xt  year  frori  the  United  States  the  followhiK  articles  : 

Thirty  dogs  and  sixty  sets  ilo^'  harness  :  as  many,  not  to  excewl  twenty,  dog-skin 
sleeping-liags,  as  can  he  procured. 

lain  sorry  that  tlie  l'.(/(<(ccaiinoteall  at  Disco,  that  I  might  arrange  these  matters 
with  you. 


■mm. ' ' ' 
If  1 1  ( 


nRRRI.V    RKf.lKir  RXI'RDITION. 


29 


Ni.lu.lHl  romnlni*  hpro.  iiiul  I  Iihvp  imi.l  hin  and  Uavhl's  waRoii  to  the  Kovernor  of 

tlltMllNtl'il't. 

1  tiui,  viTjr  rcHiMctfiilly,  jrour  oliwliont  Borvant, 

K.  A.  (iARLINOTON. 

f\r»t  UeuteHanl,  Second  Cavalry,  Cummaiutina. 
Iliin.  A.  An')KHH()n, 

liiMjin-tor,  Xiirth  (Irrenlnnd. 

AltlioiiKli  till-  77/f'//.s  iiiid  Hear  wrrctHiipplicd  ,||i  .lojrs,  i\  nppoHml 
to  m»'  tliat  tlu»  inspt'ctor  lind  only  iictcd  in  ^r,„„i  Ciitl,  j,,  piiirlmsiiiK 
tli.'scHiiiiiials  I'rniii  tin.  natives,  and  iiadcr  tli<'  (UiruniHtaiirrH  1  folt, 
oliliKcd  to  direct ('(iinmiiiidiirColtin  of  tlwAlerl  to  take  tliem  for  his 
vewHcl  to  avoid  coiitroverHy. 

Lieiiteniint  Knioiy  left  me  a  list  of  tiie  Dntidee  wlialiiiK  fleet  in  tho 
waters  of  (Jreenland.  with  tliu  iiainesof  tlmse  aliead  of  niysjiip.  Mis 
li'tterKHVn  iiioa  ^ood  idea  of  tho  ico  ronditions  aliout  tiie  WaiKat 
Straits  ami  in  Melsille  Hay. 

At  !»  a.  111..  May  -.'Jth,  tim  Tfictis  and  l^orh  r/.o  •■//  sailed  for  HiM-r- 
navik.  At  the  iiioiitli  of  tho  harhor  a  belt  of  ice  extending  about .( 
liiiles  o(T-sliore  obstructed  the  imssa^c  of  tlut  two  sliip.s,  obji^rjn^r  tho 
TlH-fi.s  to  ram  her  way  throiiKh  tho  ice.  Ch^riiiK  tliis  ice,  open  water 
wa.^  carried  to  tint  vicinity  of  tho  North  Fiord,  .-.onie  W  miles  south 
of  tlie  WfiiKfit  Stiiiits.  where })otli  sldi)s  came  up  to  a  solid  ic(^l)arrior 
extending  as  far  as  tla^  eye  could  reach  to  tlu^  north  and  west.  Tho 
pressed  up.  liummockyai)pearaiiceof  tliis  ico  enabled  us  to  recoKuizo 
it  MS  the  polar  jmck  of  the  last  senson.  The  T/icli.s  was  jmsliod  Home 
iifty  yfirds  int.,  this  i)ack  to  lie  .hiring  the  iiiKht.  The  Lorli  (.'iinif 
maintained  a  position  to  tho  southward  of  its  ed^o  for  tlio  reason  that 
iff!  ^;outherIy  Kfde  should  conio  on.  as  is  so  tmiuent  in  these  high 
hititn(h's,  her  ixAsitiou  would  have  boon  ouo  of  groat  poril  in  tho 
pack. 

The  following  morning.  May  'ir^,  a  fresli  lireezo  sprung  up  from 
southw.>st,  with  indications  of  all  approaching  gale  from  that  direc- 
tion. It  was  dotonninod  to  s  nd  the  Loch  (/nrri/  back  to  ( Jodhavon 
to  await  a  nortlieast  gale  before  attemi)tingtlio  pas.sage  north,  aw  the 
ice  appeared  too  l'ormi<iable  to  risk  lier  at  that  time.  As  .soon  as  the 
collier  had  fairly  started  south,  about  1  p.  m.,  tho  Thcti.s  was  pushed 
into  the  pack  toward  Hare  Island  with  the  hope  that  "pen  water 
might  be  found  under  the  land.  Struggling  with  heavy  tloos  and  ice 
barriers  ami  following  nn-tuous  leads  until  midnight,  it  was  discov- 
ered that  no  refuge  remained  except  escape  to  the  h^e  of  a  hi'avy  ice- 
berg off  the  north  entranco  of  tho  Waigat  Straits.  During  a  cir- 
cuitous passage  of  .■]fj  miles  the  shipAvas  several  times  besot  liy  heavy 
ice.  Imt  good  luck  worked  to  our  advantage  aii<l  tho  first  lesson  of 
patience  wfis  lenriied.  The  ship  Avas  finally  secured  to  an  iceberg 
some  200  feet  in  lioiglit,  where  she  remained  in  comparative  safety 
during  the  SJCth,  though  in  occasional  danger  of  being  crushed,  until 


i 


M 


30 


(iKKRfiY    KKMRK   KXPKDITION. 


tlic  inoruiiiK  of  May  27,  wlieii  wo  escaped  from  tlio  grinding  pack  to 
tlu!  "land  water"  under  Hare  Island. 

Before  v(>nturing  into  the  ice  pack  with  its  nncertainties  and  its 
hourly  perils,  sixty  days'  supply  of  provisions  was  got  up  from  bolow 
and  stowed  oi)i)osite  eacli  boat.  Knapsacks  were  served  out  with  a 
coinplete  set  of  underclothing  and  foot  gear. 

Rigid  instructions  were  given  tliat  the  articles  contained  in  them 
were  not  to  he  disturbed  for  any  purpose  except  after  abandonment 
oi  ship.  The  hatclies  were  kept  ready  for  removal  at  a  moment's 
notice  in  order  to  get  at  provisions  and  clothing  to  throw  (ju  the  ice 
in  case  of  dang(n-ous  nips.  Oflicers  and  men  were  detailed  for  each 
])oat  with  instructionswhat  to  carry  to  them,  and  every  arrangement 
made  to  avoid  confusion  in  hasty  abandonment. 

The  tidal  movement  of  ice  in  and  ab(mt  llie  Waigut  Straits  and 
thi'ough  Melville  Bay  gave  a  very  dangerous  imjH-tus  to  the  lieavy 
bergs  and  fioes  of  tiiis  sea.     To  attempt  to  avoid  them  by  seeking 
more  westerly  water  was  to  push  out  into  the  polar  pack  with  every 
chance  of  being  beset  and  drifting  h(>]plessly  back  through  Davis- 
Strait.     Under  such  circumstances  tlie  risk  of  holding  on  to  icebergs 
to  await  favorable  winds  and  tides  to  open  leads  was  to  be  preferred, 
though  it  nmst  be  admitted  that  great  anxiety  was  always  felt  lest 
these  monsters  should  fall  over  on  the  vessel.     Thiswas  possible  with 
any  change  of  wind  or  current.     While  lying  under  the  lee  of  an 
enormous  berg  n(vir  th(>  Waigat  Straits  to  escape  the  force  of  di-ifting 
floes,  it  .suddenly  pivoted,  exi.osing  the  ship  to  imminent  danger  of 
l)emg  crushed.     The;  ship  swung  rapidly  around,  carrying  away  her 
liead  gear  and  figure-head.     Lines  were  cast  off  imnied'iately  and  the 
ship  was  worked  .safely  into  oixm  wi'ter  spac(>s  between  the  floes 
ioward  the  land  water  in  the  direction  of  Hare  Island.     To  gain  this 
water  it  wjis  ne(M>ssary  to  ram  our  way  through  the  lighter  floes  and 
to  blow  the  way  with  t^n-pedoe.s  through  tlu*  heavier.     At  last  Hie 
ship  gained  the  open  wa.t<n'  und(>r  Hare  Island  and  was  able  to  ke(>p 
in  it  by  .standing  north  and  south  along  the  land  until  Hie  affernooii 
of  May  a?.     At  this  date  a  northerly  gab?  set  in  at   (iodhaven  and 
with  it  file  Loch  Gdrri/  sailed  northward,  falling  in  with  the  I'liclis 
at  Hare  Island  alxmt  !).;50  p.  m.     The  following  day  (May  -JS)  at  r, 
a.  m.  the  Thcti.s  and  Loch  aarrn  took  to  the  pack  off  Ha're  Island, 
working  with  much  dilTiculty  and  delay  to  Noursoak.  followed  by 
the  Dundee  whaler  Wolf.     Finding  the  ice  had  opened  somewhat  in 
tlH^Omenak  Fiord  tlu^  Thcfin  continued  to  the  northward.  I'amniiiig, 
where  necessary,  to  gain  leads  or  to  umke  a  passage  for  the    l.orli 
(Uirnj.     Fog  prevailed  for  a  time  in  the  morning  and  greatly  in- 
creased the  difliculties  of  navigation.     At  5  p.  m.  a  heavy  snow  storm 
.set  in,  accompanied  I)y  a  fall  of  temjx^i-ature  Ixdowthe  freezing  point 
of  Fahrenheit.     The  water  about  the  shii>  was  coated  with  young 
ice,  the  rigging  was  covered  with  rime.     Notwithstanding  these  dif- 


m 


GREELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


31 


ficulties  tlie  ship  was  continued  northward,  ramming  hor  way  througli 
weaker  floes  or  by  avoiding  heavier  ones.  Being  too  thick  to  dis- 
tingtiish  the  land  it  Avas  ncu'cssary  to  average  courses  by  go?ng  east 
of  one  floe  and  west  of  another  towards  Svarten  Huk  and  Upernavik, 
when*  the  Thetis  and  Loch  Garry  arrive.  I  at  8  a.  m. ,  May  ao.  Twenty 
consecutive  hours  of  the  twenty-four  had  b(>en  i)assed  in  the  ^'crow's 
nest,"  with  no  comfort  beyond  the  fact  that  e;'cli  liour  of  the  time 
reduced  the  interval  of  sei)aration  from  the  Greely  party. 

At  Upernavik  we  came  up  with  the  Bear  and  the  steam  whalers 
Poll/Ilia,  Triune,  and  Nova  Zemhlu.  The  Arctic  and  PFo// arrived 
later  in  the  day.  Lieutenant  Emory  rei)orted  the  Aurora,  Corn- 
trallifi,  and  Nam-hat  beset  in  1 1  e  pack  to  the  westward  of  the  Brown 
Ishuids,  some  18  miles  nurtli. 

The  Tjoeh  Garrij  was  sent  alongside  the  Bear  to  fill  the  bunkers 
of  the  latter  with  coal.  During  this  interval  of  delay  I  cabled  upon 
the  governor  of  the  district  Mr.  Elbtirg,  and  secured  the  services 
of  Nicolai  Broberg,  Eskimo,  as  interi)r('ter. 

At  Upernavik  all  my  information  indicated  tlie  ice  unbroken  and 
packed  to  the  n(n-thward,  ,  ud  much  too  formidable  to  expose  the 
Lnrh  Garry,  unfitt(!(l  as  she  was  for  ice  work.  Accordingly  verbal 
instructions  were  given  liei-  master  to  land  sixty  tons  of  coal  for  the 
Atert,  and  to  await  tlie  latter"s  arrival  later  in  the  soastm  before  at- 
tempting the  passage  of  Melville  Bay.  Orders  to  this  effect  were 
left  for  Con'niander  Cofliu  : 


i> 


U.  S.  S.  Thetis, 
Ui)ernavik,  Greenland,  Mruj  29,  1884. 
Sir  :  Tl;e  coal  steampr  Tjich  Garry  is  left  Iuto  to  come  on  lator  unrltT  your  con- 
voy, tlic  ice  to  the  northward  niakiiii;  it  unsafe  to  venture  witls  her  so  early  in  the 
season. 

Tlie  near  i\ni\  myself  goat  once  to  the  nortliwavd  aii<l  will  leave  a  record  for 
you  at  ('(iiiical  Rock,  Cape  Parry,  and  Littleton  Island.  Tlie  calms  will  he  desig- 
nated hy  poles  with  lilack  damson  i hem  ami  the  notices  will  1h!  in  imttles.  The 
western  points  of  islands,  capes,  iind  headlands  will  lie  chosen  for  the  cairns.  Ixwe 
a  record  as  you  find  tliem  both  goiiiR  and  returning.  Fill  up  your  bunkers  from 
the  steamer  and  land  from  her  fifty  tons  at  Foulke  Fiord  to  suiiply  llie  house. 

We  have  a  rumor  here  of  live  wliite  men  to  the  northward  in  the  vicinity  of 
Cape  York  ;  hence  my  .anxiety  to  get  on,  as  two  whalers  are  ahead  of  us,  but  I  think 
I  can  catch  them  :  at  ali  events  I  sliall  push  to  the  utmost. 
All  are  well  a'ld  in  fine  spirits;  weather  cold:  ice  heavy  ami  thick. 
Hoping  you  at-e  well,  I  am,  very  sincerely,  yours, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Commander,  U.S.N., 
Commanding  Grccly  Relief  Expedition. 
Commander  G,  W.  Coffin,  U.  S.  N., 

Commanding  U.  S.  S.  Alert. 


At  5  p.  m.,  the  Bear  having  finished  coaling,  both  ships  sailed  in 
company  for  Kingitok  Islands,  tonehitig,  en  route,  at  one  or  two 
points  to  secure  seal  meat  for  Hie  dogs.     Governor  Elberg  accom- 


32 


rmRRT.Y    RELIEF   EXPEDITION, 


panifMl  tlui  Hliip  as  fiir  as  Kiiiffitok  in  order  to  secure  tlie  sorvioca  of 
a  native  pilot  to  enable  me  to  take  tlie  inside  i)assap;e  as  far  as  Tas- 
suisak.  At!)  j).  ni.  oanie  to  wiili  ici^ancliors  to  tl.c  ice  foot  at  Kingi- 
tok  Island.  Wo  wore  detained  at  tliis  ])oint  until  June  J,  wlieii  a 
violent  southwest  squall  set  in  and  destroyed  tliis  ice  foot  and  ol)liged 
me  to  run  around  to  the  north  side  of  the  island  for  security  against 
the  running  pack. 

During  our  detention  at  Kingitok  we  improved  every  moment  to 
exercise  dog  teams,  and  to  sc^nd  parties  morning  and  evening  to  the 
top  of  the  island  to  examine  the  outkjok  north.  From  the  anchor- 
age on  the  north  side  we  discovered  a  lead  later  in  the  day,  after  the 
wind  had  Kul)sided,  and  jiushed  into  it,  though  it  carried  us  a  little 
otf-shore.  We  succeeded  iiovertlu'less  in  gaining  the  islaiuls  off 
Tassuis.ik  during  the  evening  of  June  1,  and  fell  in  with  tlie  Dun- 
dee whalers  ^4  »/v>;'o,  C'oriiicdllis,  iiiul  Ndni-Juil.  niooi'ed  to  the  ici» 
foot.  The  other  whalers  accompanying  us  to  this  point  remained 
in  the  pack  several  miles  off  shore. 

Passing  through  some  thinner  ice  into  a  lead  whicli  the  watchful 
commander  of  the  7:?('ay  had  discoveri'd,  and  into  which  ho  was  lead- 
ing the  Thetis,  a  few  miles  north  of  the  Berry  Island  in  order  to 
reach  o})en  water  along  the  land,  the  Hear  ran  upon  one  of  the  nu- 
merous unknown  and  uncharted  rocks  of  that  vicinity.  She  was 
going  at  half  speed  at  the  time  ;  her  commander  was  in  the  foretop, 
the  officer  of  the  deck  was  in  the  "crow's  nest,"  and  a  lookout  on 
the  iKxmi  end.  All  precautions  possible  in  this  ice-covered  region 
w<!re  taken  to  avoid  accident,  but  risks  which  could  not  bt^  justified 
under  ordinary  circumstances  of  cruising  had  to  be  assumed  n(nv  as 
incidental  to  tiie  extraordinary  service. 

The  injury  sustained  by  the  Bear  was  only  of  slight  importance 
and  did  not  prevent  lier  continuing  to  tlie  north  with  the  Tlielis,  and 
afterwards  during  the  cruise,  wlienever  it  was  necossai'v  to  I'am  llie 
thicker  and  more  Hinty  ice  of  Melville  Bay  and  Smith's  Sound,  the 
Be((r  was  always  found  a  most  faithful  and  eflicient  support  to  the 
Thefts: 

Both  ships  were  detained  about  Tassuisak  from  June  I  to  Juno  ;i. 
by  solid  ice-pack  to  northward  and  by  strong  southerly  winds,  with 
occasional  thick  Avoather  and  snow. 

On  the  forenoon  of  the  latter  day  a  lead  was  discovered  along  the 
land  toward  Tiiliasook,  near  Horse  Head  Islands,  and  was  followeil. 
but  proved  delusive  near  tlu^  Wedge  Islands.  Both  ships  attempteil 
to  ram  their  way  through,  but  the  ice  was  too  formidable  and  the 
strain  to  ships  too  severe  to  bo  continued. 

June  4  Governor  Klooman,  of  Tassuisak,  visited  the  ships  and  en- 
deavored to  impress  the  danger  of  our  exposed  position  if  a  westerly 
gale  should  set  in.  Somewhat  agiiinst  my  judgment,  however,  the 
ships  went  into  Tassuisak  Harbor,  where  we  renmined  about  two 


m 


OREELY  REL115P  EXPEDITIOK. 


33 


hours,  wIr'u  tliu  U-tul  wo  had  M't  opiiiuMl  for  sovoml  miloa.  Lines 
were  cast  off  from  t]io  ico  foot  in  Tiissiii.siiiv  H!irl)or;  full  stoHin  power 
wivs  rais.iil,  and  a  riisli  was  niudo  to  f,'((t  tlirougii  a  narrow  load  into 
opon  watoi-.  l)ut  wo  woni  a  tritto  to(j  lato.  Tlio  ico  closod  on  tlie 
Thetis  and  hold  tlio  wlup  ininiovablo  nntil  tlio  noxt  morning,  not- 
witlistanding  the  use  of  torpodoes  alioad  and  on  both  beams  to  extn- 
cato  iLor. 

Tlie  morning-  of  .Inno  5,  the  ice  appoaring  shiokor,  the  Thetifi  hegan 
rainminfj;  again  nndor  liiglispood  and  KncctJodod  in  breaking  throngh 
a  distance  of  about  tliroo  Imndred  yards  into  opon  wattir,  wliicli  was 
followed  most  of  the  day  amongst  icob(n-gs  and  tlirough  tloos  past 
Horse  Head  Island,  Capo  Shaclc'otoii.  and  Baihn  Islands  to  a  posi- 
tion about  six  miles  south  of  the  Duck  Islands  in  Melville  Bay.  At 
this  point  the  ice  was  found  packed  and  impenetrable,  and  both  ships 
were  secured  ])y  ice  anchors  to  the  floe  ice  to  await  an  opening.  The 
three  advance  whalers,  the  Arctic,  Aurora,  and  Ndricluil,  had 
worked  through  the  ice  to  this  position  in  advance  of  the  Relief  Ex- 
peilition. 

June  (i  we  got  under  way  again  and  followed  a  lead  for  about  two 
miles  nortliward,  but  finding  it  more  diilicuilt  and  hazardous  to  ram 
successfully  this  lieavier  ice  of  Melville  Bay,  we  sought  refuge  a  little 
north  of  a  large  iceberg,  around  which  there  had  opened  a  large  water 
space  which  permitted  us  to  ram  a  dock  in  the  Hoe  ice  for  the  Thetis 
and  Bear. 

While  lying  in  this  imi)rovised  d(jck  most  of  the  Scotch  whalers 
came  up  with  us. 

During  the  afternoon  of  June  0,  observing  from  the  "  crow's  nest" 
a  large  open  water  space  about  the  Duck  Islands,  both  ships  were  got 
under  full  headway  about  0  p.  m.  and  rammed  their  way  through 
several  Hoes  to  gain  this  desired  outpost  for  advance  into  the  more 
perilous  dangers  of  Melville  Bay. 

At  1  a.  m.,  of  June  7,  both  ships  reached  the  ice  foot  of  the  Duck 
Islands,  and  W(>re  nia(l(>  fast  to  it  in  (company  with  all  the  whalers. 

This  point  being  the  outpost  from  which  advance  across  Melville 
Bay  is  always  made,  it  was  necessary  to  examine  carefully  the  ico 
conditions  in  order  (o  distinguish  ^he  land  ice,  which  rarely  moves, 
from  thertoo  ice  wliich  detaches  from  it  furlher  and  further  in  to- 
wards the  land  with  each  month  of  the  short  Arctic  summer. 

During  four  anxious  days  the  ships  were  detained  at  this  anchor- 
age. Strong  winds  from  north  and  scnith,  with  snow  scpuills  and 
dense  fogs,  with  iiiu3  weather  intervals,  occurred  during  this  delay. 

Whenever  it  Avas  clear  enough  to  see  trips  were  made  to  the  top 
of  the  islands  to  examine  the  outlook  acro.ss  Melville  Bay,  though 
very  little  comfort  was  derived  from  these  visits.  This  vast  sea  of 
ice  lay  unbroken  before  us  in  the  north  and  west  directions.  Some- 
times it  seemed  that  it  w(jul(l  never  break  up. 
H.  Mis.  157 3 


Bi 


(JRKKI-V   RKUEF   KXPEDITFON. 


CoimMdss  i('ol)f<rK.s  lay  in  Htatoly  nn<l  silent  sploiulor,  with  herouiKi 
then*  sli^lit  jxhiIs  of  wntor  about  them.  Thoso  woro  proniisiuK 
siKiis,  ))iit  wo  soon  loaniod  that  tiio  Hian^cs  witli  every  turn  of  (he 
kaleich'scoiH)  aro  lianlly  more  wonderful  or  siirjirisiii^Miian  tiiose  fol- 
lowing  each  strong  wind  or  tide  in  Uiese  regions  of  ico. 

Tiicse  enforced  waitings  were  all  the  niorc^  hard  to  l)ear  as  we  knt>w 
Jiovv  seriously  delay  must  tell  upon  the  i)arty  to  whose  relief  we  werc^ 
anxiously  hurrying. 

Watch  was,  therefore,  always  kept  in  the  "  crow's  nost."  and  ovrn-y 
crack  in  the  ice  was  critically  scanned  in  the  hope  that  advance 
might  he  nnide. 

Kvery  c-luuu-e,  however  slight,  was  availed  of  to  AVork  northward 
nearer  to  the  iniiMn-iUid  party. 

On  the  evening  of  June  K)  there  wen*  nnmistakahlo  indications  of 
a  hreak  in  tln^  ic(>,  and  another  advance  n<irthwar(l. 

At  r,.:V)  a.  m.,  Juno  11,  observing  open  Avater  through  tho  rifts  in 
the  sjiow  to  th((  northwest  of  the  anchoi'age,  lines  were  again  cast  oft', 
but  after  a  run  of  an  hour  or  two  in  a  snow  storm  it  was  found  that 
tlu!  loads  were  short  and  tended  northerly  toward  the  land  ice, 
though  closing  by  a  northwest  tide  then  commencing  to  tlow.  When 
the  snow  squalls  passed  it  was  found  that  several  whalers  had  pre- 
r-odod  US  to  this  position,  and  later  tho  others  woi-ked  oft'  n(>ar  us. 

Advantage  was  taken  of  the  largest  oju-n  water  si)ac(^  and  held  dur- 
ing most  of  th(!  (hiy  until  an  opportunity  oft'eretl  to  gain  a  temporary 
mooring  against  tho  solid  ico  fl(jo,  close  to  a  favorable  crack  leading 
landward,  which  opened  toward  0  p.  m..  after  some  ramming  had  been 
done  1)y  the  twcj  ships. 

By  9  p.  m. ,  however,  a  still  better  opening  occurr. '(1 ,  when  hot  1 1  sh  ips 

*<"' f"1t"1  ill  making  good  a,  distance  of  at  least  three  miles  northward ; 

but  witli  each  advance  to  a  higher  latitude  the  ice  grew  .so  noticeably 
heavier  that  ramming  was  of  necessity  resorted  to  with  caution. 

From  the  i)osition  gained  by  tliis  day  of  liard  woi'k,  it  was  discov- 
or(Ml  that  tlio  northei'ly  wind  of  a  day  or  two  past  ha<!  broken  the  ice 
very  considerably  across  Melville  Bay;  therefore,  it  Avas  necessary  to 
await  its  re  iirrence,  or  the  (U'ssation  of  a  moderate  Avind  then  blow- 
ing, in  order  that  the  ftoo  ice  might  east;  off  from  the  land  ice. 

A  promising  feature  in  the  outlook  of  this  day  Avas,  tliat,  although 
tlie  tloes  Avere  all  large  and  heavy,  there  was  a  great  (piantity  of  liroken 
rubble  ice  near  their  edges,  Avhich  usually  indicated  advance  when  the 
tides  or  winds  changed. 

At  ;5  p.  m.,  Juno  \-i,  a  movement  in  the  ice  gave  us  a.  chance  to  r(>ach 
a  lead,  aftw  some  ram.:>ing,  by  wliich  a  juile  further  to  the  northejist 
was  nuido  toward  tho  land  ice.  Again,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  l.'Jtli 
another  advance  of  a  mile  was  made,  Avhere  both  ships  were  detained 
until  June  14. 


UKKKLY  HEr.IKK  KXPRDITIUN. 


86 


DurniK  iU  a  tornoo,,  „f  tho  1  v'th  th-n,  wnn  romuWM,.  .novonH-nt 
of  the  floos,  a.wl  Horuo  .lanKor,..,.  Krin.IinK  ..f  tJ.o  ic„  wh,.,-.-  fl„.  flooH 
touched      Toavoul  thin  all  th.  whalors.  axoopt  th.,  Arctic  an.l  MV,// 

:t:'CrL:;?:r  ""■" '' "-'  '^-"^  ^-•'^"''^  ^^  "^-  -'^-  -- 

Mosf  ..f  thn  i:.th  arul  tho  .norniuKof  th.  Uth  th,.  Th.ti.,  Rear,  and 
th.l)u..;lenwhal„r^,v7.r  wn,  working  at  iutorvulHinto  more  nwth- 
erly  poH.t.ous  as  tin,  ..-o  o,,b,uhI  an.l  .|„..„1.  th.  a.lvnntuKo  hoin^  first 
with  ono  and  turn  with  the  oth.r.  bnt  ultirnatHy  th.  R,.|i..r  SI  1 
gamed  threo  m,,os  in  advance  of  .:„,  Arctic  an.l  saw  fn.m  this  prJi- 
t.onthe  Wolf\yu^^n^  llunco,  sonthwest  alK>„t  :,  n.il.s.  an.I  the  n,- 
nandor  of  the  whaling  fleet  t.,  the  eastwar.l  of  the  Duck  Islands 
distant  10  or  la  miles  southeast.  islands. 

The  wind  was  light  duriuK  the  afternoon  of  June  14,  but  the  tide 
openedalead,ntowhichthe7V,.//.sand/?.<,.start..U)utw,,rejamnu.d 

Wolf  having  better  In.k  an.l  more  open  water  ul^mt  them  reaeh.-d 
he  lead  in  adyanee  of  the  Relief  Ships,  hut  gained  no  other  advan- 
age  ban  lea.lmg  n.  open  water  alon^  the  ian.l  iee  in  tlio  load  that 
broadened  roinn«.l..„t  to  as  many  yards,  exten.ling  about  ;J0  in  es 
to  the  northwes  .  witli  here  and  there  a  diffieult  pass  tha.  had  to  l>e 
rammjMl  through,  until  the  solid  ice  wan  met  with  again  aljout  2a. ..,., 

This  was  the  best  run  made  for  several  days  and  the  novelty  of 
mahng  8  knots  was  mueh  enjoye.l.  Both  ships  reached  the  vieinity 
of    he  northerly  Brown  Islands,  when  further  advance  was  arrested 

f'^om  ;rr;'f';r  •'" " "'  ^  ^^-^  "^^''^'  -^  -  ^'--  -''•-  -^^-^ 

Ramming  ice  of  this  character  was  so  serious  a  matter  to  the  safety 
of  the  slaps  that  ,t  was  resorted  to  with  much  ..aution,  while  torpe 
kH-'al  effects  ""  P''^"'""^^'«  "'^«'  *1^"««  "^  gun-cott<m  pnxlucing  only 

Wo  were  detained  at  this  point  until  3.:!.^  p.  m.,  of  June  15,  when 
airer  weather  and  wind  allowed  the  ice  to  ease  off  from  the  solid 
ian.l  ice,  when  another  advance  of  some  m  miles  was  ma,]e  through 
dangerous  and  tortm.us  leads  close  to  lieavy  icebergs  up  to  a  position 
H  nn  es  southeast  of  Ca„e  York.     At  this  positiori  tl/e  land'^o  .;:;« 
found  to  extend  m  one  unbroken  mass  off-shore  a  distance  of  about 
(.0  miles,  impenetrable  and  impassable,  with  the  pack  solid  in  all  di- 
rections, and  with  some  indications  of  a  coming  gale.     Under  such 
circumstances  the  hnminent  peril  to  both  ships  from  rapidly  running 
floes,  whose  area  in  most  cases  very  great,  suggested  tlie  importance 
of  ice  docks  .11  the  land  ice.     This  was  soon  abandoned,  as  it  was 
found  impossible  t.^KprJithe  saws  in  ice  of  such  thickness.     Ramming 
was  not  to  be  thought  of.     We  were  obliged,  therefore,  to  keep  under 
way  a  good  deal  ot  the  .lay  of  Ju.u,  Id,  and  part  of  the  17th  during 


ii 

ill 


M 


oKr.r.i.)     KKi.iKF   K.XI'KIUTKIN, 


H  fri'Hli  Hoiithcrly  wiml,  in  ur,|..i-  tn  niuiiiluin  a  |Mi.siti(m  in  tli.<  lai'Kt'Mt 
..|K'n  wiiUTMiiHcntliHt.  <'.)ul<l  1m- ivjwiuul  and  licltl  to  iivuid  tln>  nipping 

llot'N, 

'riiomixi('ty()r  some  r..rty  lionrs  wusHi'vcri'iiml  wciirinK;  Imt  liltli> 
slfcp  was  obtuiniMl  liy  tln»  connimndfrs,  as  it  was  poHsildc  at  any 
nuinii'nt  that  Ix.tli  ships  niiKlit  I.c  crnslicd  aiid  their  civw,  thn.wii 
(in  (i(  Iht'  ice. 

Thi'  inovcniiMitsol'  thctl.M's  on  litis  (hiy  iK-casidnally  npcnrd  t.nipl- 
in.i,'  h'ads  to  (he  s(.nth\vi'st  ot  oni'  position,  whicli  lhi<  cncixftic  cap- 
l.iin  of  tht^l/7/V  i;ould  .i>ol  ivsist,  l.iit  wiiich,  iinl'ortiinatrly.  canylil 
Ids  vt'SHol  and  sciucczcd  licr  considt'inlily. 

Tlio  Am-itnt  and  W'o/f  strove  to  make  a  sinnhir  movement,  hnt. 

torlnnately  for  tiieni,  the  i( lose<|   liefoiv  they  conhi  -ain  the  leari 

in  winch  ilui  Anfii-  was  cauuht.  It  was  reserved  for  tiiein  in  ^f\ 
throiiKli  Melville  Hay  with  the  U'eliet  Ships,  as  tliij.J,/x/.<c„\UiH  l.-lt 
bcliiiul  and  was  uuvur  suuu  uMuin  Ity  tlie  Thcti.s. 

Fortunati'ly,  we  were  alile  to  avoid  danucroiis  nips  dinim;  this  in- 
terval, when,  to  onr  satisfaction,  the  wind  shifted  and  fell  li^diter. 
and  a  proinisin.i;-  lead  in  the  direction  of  Cape  York  eualihirns  t/. 
escaiKnit  !»  ]>.  in.,  Jnne  ir,  and  to  re;icli  that  coveted  point  at  r,  a.  m. 
«d'  the  morning  of  .hine  is.  in  (dearin.u:  a  false  lead  and  workint,r 
throu^di  heavy  ice  the  Tliili.s  split  her  rndder  liy  collision  with  a 
lii'avy  tloo  and  was  detained  ithonl  .tn  lnair  to  ell'ect  repairs.  '|'|ie 
two  Scotch  whalers.  Aiironi  and  M'o//'.  weri'  in  company  and  worke»| 
ahead  of  the  Uelief  Ships.an.l  with  them  nltimately  into  a  lar^e  open 
water  .sjiace,  which  was  Ihoii-hl  at  the  time  t<i  hi'  the  "north  water." 
(}ainin<,Mhisoi)en  w.iter,  the  J-lcur  hein^^  somewhat  fasti^r  than  the 
77/c//,s'.  was  .sent  aliead  to  laml  IJenlenant  Colwell  .■md  thivemen  to 
comiminicatu  with  the  Cape  ^■ork  natives.  This  Lieutenant  Kniorv 
eti'ected  aliont  (1  a.  m..  and  sent  the  p.arty  i\  or  s  miles  over  the  ice  to 
Ca.pe  York.  I  deterndned  to  reimnn  witii  the  Tlic/i.s  to  pick  up 
this  party.  ;i?id,  therefore,  instructed  jjeiitenant  Kniory  to  !4'o  to  the 
westward  in  scai'ch  of  a  lead  norlliwjird.  and.  if  possihli'.  to  continue 
on.  exannnin.i;-  Cary  Island  en  n»ilv,  ami  (o  await  my  arrival  at 
Littleton  Island. 

The   near.  \\\v  Aurora,  and  the    ll'o//  sleame.l   westward  aliont 
<!..'J(l  a.  in. 

At  7.^(1  a.  m.  the  tide  ch.-in.ned  jiiid  the  ice  hi'oke  from  tlir  hind,  opeii- 
iiiKa  lea(l  close  up  to  Cape  York,  where  I  found  Lieiilenant  Colwell 
interviewiiifi  aiiative.  hut  no  information  could  he  oht.iine.l  of  T,i,.i|. 
tenant  ( ireely's  parly.  Takin- ColwclPs  jiarly  on  hojiid  the  Thrlis 
continued  hy  Cape  York  and  onward  tlirou,-ii  Irouhlesonie  ice  pack, 
and  reached  Conical  Rock  aliont  :;  p.  m.  the  same  d.iy.  .A  cjiirn  w;is! 
erected  on  its  western  side  cont.-iininga  record  for  Lieiitenaid  Emory 
and  Coinmander  (^lf^ln. 


iilli 


ifi 


ORKKT.Y   RELIKK  EXPEDITION. 


^'Illi^ 


37 


w.r    ^"'f       T?!  •^"""'■"  ^"^""''  •'^^"^^'^'''^  ^it'^  liumn.oeky  pack  ico 

was  very  lornu.laJ.lo  ,n  uppoaranco.    Tl.e  strong  ti<los  n,a,]o  itdanger! 

cms  HI  movement      About  midnight  the  pack  to  tl.e  nortluvard  was 

examined,  but  finding  it  impenetral,]e  and  impassable  the  Thetis  was 

b ..red  to  i-f^urn  and  moor  again  to  an  iceburg,  grounded  under  the  lee 

of  Cmical  Rock,  until  ].45  p.  m.,  Juno  1!»,  when  the  s(mtherly  win.l 

w  ncli  ]^ad  sprung  up  that  morning  shifted,  and  the  ice  umJer  the 

tdal  influence  had  become  slacker.     Another  advance  was  made 

.1  ter  considerable  ramming  and  by  using  torpedoes,  when  practica- 

.  e.  until  open  water  was  gained  some  hours  later  near  Capes  Dudley 

)i^^^'s  and  Athol      Ten  hours  of  hard  work  through  the  pack,  fol 

owing  narrow  and  win.ling  leads  amongst  hummocky  floes,  l)rought 

the    hehs  up  tr,a  narrow  open  water  space  about  the  western  en.l  of 

\Volstenliolm  Islan.l,  where  a  cairn  was  erected  and  notices  .lepos- 

ltd  for  Emory  and  C.flin.     This  concluded,  she  was  continued  on- 

on"  A r.?'- '?'''■'  ^"^•™'^'  '''^'^'"^  "^^^  •'^^"^''^^'1  '-^l^^^it  -J  ^-  m-  of  J"ne 
^0.  At  tJus  latter  island  we  met  a  large  number  of  natives,  but  could 
learn  nothing  from  them  of  the  Greely  party.  Indeed  they  were  not 
ev^Mi  aware  that  any  white  men  were  in  the  north  countrv 

home  broken  oars  and  pi.^ces  of  w.,od  were  given  the  natives  for 
tlieir  kayaks,  and  some  bread  and  meat  to  encourage  them  to  acts  of 
tri..ndlmess_  to  others  coming  after  us.  The  uncertainties  of  the 
navigation  m  those  regions  suggested  the  importance  of  cultivating 
kin.l  y  r.>lations  towards  the  natives,  who  had  on  previous  occasions 
Hide<l  parties  returning  after  .lisaster  from  the  northward. 

1  he  coast  an.l  islands  up  to  this  point  had  been  carefully  searche.l 
with  glasses,  but  without  discovering  any  indications  of  Greely-s 
party.  The  natives- here  stated  that  during  the  early  spring,  before 
the  ice  had  broken,  a  party  of  them  had  hunte.l  well  off  on  the  ice^ 
towards  the  Carey  Islands,  but  had  not  seen  anything  to  indicate  that 
any  white  men  were  there.  This  information  determined  me  t..  move 
t<.  the  luri-thward  with  all  dispatch  from  Saunders  Island,  about  .5  a 
in.,  tor  Cape  Parry  and  Littleton  Island. 

(Jreat  diflh-ulty  was  experienced  during  this  entire  day  in  workino- 
my  way  through  the  very  h.eavy  ami  very  troublesome  ice,  studded 
as  it  was  with  numer,ms  large  liummocks.     Cape  Parry  was  reached 
however  about  2.:iO  p.  m.,  and  anotlier  cairn  erected  on  its  western 

der  Coffi,r'°'      '''"'*'  ^'^*  "'  '*  ^'"  ^^""*'^"''^"*  E'^'^^-y  ^»<^  Coniman- 
Leaving  Cape  Parry,  this  vessel  grounded  upon  a  sunken  rock, 
not  marked  on  my  small  scale  chart,  but  as  her  spee.l  at  this  time 
was  about  two  knots  no  injury  of  consequence  was  sustained. 

Standing  across  Whale  Sound,  through  very  heavy  ice.  ramminir 
iieqm.nt  y  through  tongues  connecting  large  floes.  Northumberland 
and  Hakluytlslau.lsM-ere  reached  about  S.:!()  p.  m.,  and  examine.l 
carefully  m  tv.rii  without  results.     We  continued  onward  to  Little- 


,il.4i! 


'I'ijli' 


3S 


riRKKI,Y   RKLIRF  EXPKPITIOX. 


toil  Tsldiul  jiboiit  U  ]).  ni.  Kroni  Nortlnimliorlfuid  Tsliind  to  Capo 
AltwaiiiltM'  tlic  ship  was  imvigalcd  11ir<)U.tj:li  a  l)('lt  of  icclicrfrs  twciily- 
four  mill's  broad,  so  close  logci I lor.  in  luaiiy  instaiict's.  that  it  was 
dillicult  to  (iftoniiiiio  tlie  way  until  up  -witli  tliciii.  By  II  p.  m.  a 
southfi'iy  wind,  willi  occasional  snow  squalls,  sot  in  and  continued 
until  my  arri\lil  at  Littleton  Island,  about  ."!  a.  m..  .June  ^'1.  Round- 
in,!,'  the  island  to  its  north  side  the  ship  ran  upon  anotlier  unknown 
I'ock.  but  at  low  speed,  and  carom  i n,^-  ofT  she  fetclied  up  against  the  ic(>- 
I'not  of  the  island.  She  hung  about  ten  minutes,  tluimiiing  some, 
but  sustained  no  injury  wliatevor.  the  grinding  pack  iciMu  driving 
down  having  smootiied  oiT  the  rocks  iti  passing  over  thein.  Clearing 
this  danger,  the  north  side  of  the  island  was  reached  and  the  ship 
was  moored  to  an  iceberg  grounded  near  it.  Parties  wore  sent  to 
examine  the  Nures  cairn,  the  Beebe  cachi\  and  Littleton  Island  for 
records  of  Lieutenant  Greely.  but  Avithout  succ(>ss.  Before  tlieir 
return  the  wind  had  increased  ,so  much,  with  driving  snow,  that  it  was 
inipo.ssilde  to  see  a  hundred  feet  from  the  ship,  while  the  opposite 
shore  of  Griniu^ll  Land  was  completely  hidden  from  view. 

While  tlu'  i)artips  were  engagt>d  in  searching  for  the  cairns  and 
caches  the  tide  fell  and  the  wind  had  increased  sf)  much  that  getting 
otr  the  ice-foot  of  tlu'>  island  in  the  swell  was  diflicull  and  very  dan- 
gennis.  As  it  was  intended  to  inci-easo  the  cache  of  provisions  at 
this  place  to  l.dOO  rations,  it  was  necessary  to  wait  for  the  Avind  and 
sea  to  go  down  before  this  could  l)e  effected.  Tlie  search  pai'ties  re- 
turned late  in  the  afternoon  to  the  .ship  and  were  taken  off  with  some 
ditliculty,  tired  and  worn  out  by  their  tedious  travelling  over  rocks 
and  snow  and  through  steep  vall(>ys. 

Again,  it  w;is  int(>nde<Uo  visit  Polaris  winter  quarters  at  Lifeboat 
Cove,  the  following  morning,  bnt  the  wind  and  sea,  thougli  some- 
what abated,  were  still  too  heavy  to  allow  this  to  be  done.  Atten- 
tion was  directed  on  the  following  morning.  June  v'v'.  to  landing  pro- 
visions at  the  Beebe  cach(\  which  we  succeeded  in  doing  towards 
noon.  Leaving  a  record  on  ]\[c(iary  Island  for  Emory,  informing 
him  that  th.e  Tlicfi.s  would  wait  for  him  at  Payei-  Harbor,  and  hav- 
ing learned  nothing  of  Greely  up  to  this  point,  it  was  determined 
to  push  on  at  once  to  Cape  Sabine,  but,  as  the  Bear  had  not  comeu]). 
I  was  anxious  le.st  she  had  met  with  disaster  in  working  through 
suidi  ice  as  the  Tht'fis  had  encounter(>d  coming  from  Cape  Ycn-k. 
Again,  as  it  luul  been  concluded  that  the  advance  must  now  be  ])ushed 
vigorously  to  Lady  Ki'anklin  Bay.  it  did  not  seem  prudent  toatlmipt 
the  dangers  of  Kane  Sea  until  the  Bear  had  come  up. 

To  my  great  relief  and  delight  .slie  arrived  about  l-v'.lio  p.  m., 
June  -.':>. 

Lieutenant  Emory  came  on  board  and  reported  that  he  had  carried 
out  his  instructions  to  searcli  for  a  passage  to  the  westward  of  Cape 
York, on  the  morning  of  Jun(>  IS.  but  after  .several  hours  steaming 


I 


GREET.Y   RKLIEF   EXPEDITION. 


39 


in  tlmt  direction  was  convinoed  that  his  better  route  was  to  regain 
the  sliore  leads  and  to  follow  them  to  the  Carey  Islands 

Approaching  Cape  York  the  same  afternoon  the  ice  conditions  were 
found  entirely  changed.     A  sonthwest  wind,  accompanied  by  snow 

.1  dnven  extensive  floes  of  ice  into  the  large  water  space  the  shi  ^ 

It   r«         ^"  "\T"f  "'  *^"*  '^^>''  ^''^  ^^'^  ^-  «P«'^  water  n 

WVo,f?'■'''^'•'''^^*"  ^''''  l^^^- way  up  to  the  land  ice  off 
t  ape  1:  oik,  to  remain  there  beset  until  the  morning  of  June  20  .shift- 
ing position  continually,  as  the  grinding  floes  would  render  each  new 
one  precarious.  Several  hours  later  the  Arctic,  Wolf,  aiul  Aurora, 
I)  n  w  ee  whalers,  were  seen  approaching,  but  they  failed  to  force  thei^. 
way  nearer  than  a  league  of  the  Bears  position 

The  Anrora  appeared  badly  nipped  at  this  time  and  lowered  all  of 
her  boats  on  to  the  ice,  as  if  preparing  to  abandon  her 

During  the  morning  of  June  20  the  wind  .shifted  from  southeast  to 
t  .east.  ,vith  heavy  snoM-.    This  shiftof  wind  sla,.kened  the  ice  an.l 

Jnlirces."  "■■         '  ^'"™''"  ""  """^  '"""  '''''  "^i'  ^y  *^-  «^'"« 

Taking  .•ulvantage  of  this  release  the  7?eflr  forced  her  way  to  the 

t  ai-ey  Islands  after  an  unceasing  combat  of  thirty-eight  liours  in  % 

h  u.d.ng  snow-storm,  imperiled  hourly  by  the  heaviest  ice  and  increas- 

.  -AiiK.dijTiciiltjesj  .t  its  movement. 

During  much  of  this  time  it  was  almost  impossible  to  distinguish 

ea<ls  beyond  a  ship's  length  ahead.  Several  tinies.luring  this  p.!  age 
the  Bear  was  beset  with  heavy  ice  and  was  in  much  danger  By  7  fo 
p.  ni.  June  21  the  weather  cleared  and  the  Carey  Islands  weie  d.- 
served  al,ou  two  miles  distant,  north-northeast.  At  0  p.  m  they 
wei-e  reached  and  the  ship  was  secured  to  a  grounded  floeberg  ad", 
cent  the  cm-Jie  esabhshed  by  Sir  George  Nares  in  1870.  The  pr  - 
VKSions  of  this  cache  were  sampled  an,!  found  -excellently  preserve,! 

As  Lieut^en,int  Emory  found  hero  no  record  of  Lieuteiiant  Greely 
he  sailed  at    I  p  ni.    hea<liiig  for  clear  water  to  the  northward,  indi 
cate,l  by  a  "water  blmk,"  or  water  sky,  in  that  direction,  and      r 
severa  hours  was  required  to  force  his  way  through  the  heavy  aii.l 
tr.mblesomo  pack,  but  he  succeeded  at  last  in  gaining  open  wat^r 

Assisted  by  a  fresh  southerly  gale  blowing  at  this  time.  Lieutenant 
Emoiy  niade  the  best  of  his  way  to  Littleton  Island,  where  he  rejoin 
tii(>  Ihefis  about  noon  of  Sunday,  June  2" 

When  the  Bear  left  the  Carey  Islan.ls  the  Dundee  whalers  ^,r//c- 
and  Aurora  were  seen  to  the  southwar.l  and  westward,  working 
througli  the  pack  , n  the  direction  of  Lancaster  Souixl 

Records  for  Commander  CotRn  were  left  at  Littleton  Island  an.l 
those  for  Emory  taken  up.  TIk  IJeebe  cache  of  provisions  there  was 
'..creased  t<.  1,0.),,  rations,  and  both  ships  sailed  for  the  north  about 
•i  p.  m..  m  a  moderate  gale.     They  reached  Payer  Harbor  at  7  p.  m. 


40 


r.nKKM'   RRTJRF  KXPKDITK^X. 


/ 


iiiul  mooi'wi  witli  iw  iinchors  to  f],o  hm-hor  iro  1li;,t  1,,„1   ,,,,1    yot 
broken  iij). 

Licutciiiinl  E.  ir.  T.'uinl  will.  tlnv.>  scamon.  Gocrge  Yowell.  Joseph 
Jrihv.  and  Huj^li  J3r()ck  wore  sent  to  cxaniiiie  the  cairn  on  Br.-voort 
Island;  Ensign  C.  H.  Harlow  with  two  seamen.  .1.  W.  Po«-ers  and 
John  Manin.  1n  (..vjunine  Slalkneeht  Island  eaelie;  Lientpnant  J   C 

Colw..]].   ]rr  .Masters  J.  W.  Norman.  F.  Ash.  an.l  Chief  Eiigi r 

J.)lin  Lowe  were  detailed  to  visit,  in  tii,.  /tnn-:^  steam  cnUor.  tlie 
AVreck  Cam])  cache  west,  of  ('ape  Sai.ine;  ('hi(>C  Engine(n-  (I.  W  Mel- 
ville. Dr.  H.  E.  Ames,  and  Ensign  Keynolds.  witji  s(>aman  .lolin 
Lni(l(inis(.  to  examine  tin'  c,,ast  line  at  bottom  of  Payer  ifaiO.or. 
These  pari  ieswer(>  started  simullane(msly  in  order  to  cover  the  entire 
.groun.l  in  the  shortest  practicable  time,  that  no  opportnnitv  be  lost 
to  push  rai)idly  towards  Cape  Hawkes.  if  no  advice  sjiouhl  he  "recc  i  ved 
of  (Ireely  at  any  of  thes(>  cairns  or  caches. 

Abont  S  p.  m.  cheers  W(M'e  heard  above  the  roaring  win.ls.  but 
could  not  be  located  accuivilely;  again,  a  second  time,  cheers  were 
heard  more  distinctly.  A  few  minutes  later,  however.  Seaman  Yew- 
ell  c:une  to  me.  almost  out  of  breath,  with  th(>  information  that  Lieu- 
tenant Greely  and  liis  ])arty  were  at  Cape  Sabine.  He  har,de(l  me 
several  records  whi(di  Lieut.Miant  Taunt  had  discovvsred  in  the  caiiwi 
on  Brevoort  Island.  These  records  were  carefully  read.  'J1i(.y  were 
found  to  refer  to  dates  eight  and  nine-  months  ])revious  to  my  arrival, 
and  in  them  the  location  of  Lieutenant  Cnvely's  camj.  was  d'escribed." 
The  recoi'ds  are  as  follows  ; 

Tlu.  IiUcnuitioiiiil  P,)l.ar  Kxprdili,,,!  was  fid.'d  out  1)y  tli.-  Win-  Drpavtinont  of  the 
United  States,  under  the  siiiuTvisi,,,,  of  (len'l  W.  H    j'tazeii,  ('hi,.f  si..,,,,!  om,.,.,- 

SadniKfn.ni  St.  Jolin's.  Ne\vronndlan,l..fnly  iitli.  ISSl,  ittoiielied  M  Diseo  Kiten- 
henlv,  rpernavdc,  ( 'arey  Islands,  Littleton  Island.  ( 'ape  llawlas.  Carl  Killer  Ihv 
and  wasstopiMMl  hy  iee  for  the  llrst  time  in  l.adv  Franklin  liav,  near  Cape  r,iebVr' 
It  lan.le,!  in  l)is<.overy  llarl„.r.  Au-nst  I'Jth.     The  steamship  I'm/,;,,  sailed  AuKUst 

The  winter  of  ISSl-'i  prove.l  tohe  of  remarkable  sev.rilv  ;  the  eorreeled  mean  for 
February  of  a  thermometer  on  the  Ho,-  uas  -4S.  o;!.  Mnsk-ox  meat  was  i.ro.nred 
m  lai-Ke  quantities  and  other  same  (olesse.xlent.  LuHllenant  l.oek.vood  dnrin--  the 
autninn  expl,,re,l  the  "  Hellows  '  and  the  valley  of  St.  I'alri.dv's  Hav  an.l  nllempled 
HI  November.  I  wenty.„ne  d.iys  after  the  sun  left  us,  to  cross  llobeson  Channel  but 
was  obh-ed  by  open  water  and  heavy  ieel,,  turn  back  sev.Tal  miles  from  Cine 
Beeehy.  '  ' 

StarluiK  eleven  days  before  1  he  .sun  returned  he  examined  Tv'obes.m  Channel  olT 
Cai*  Beechy,  ami  leavin.i;  .^bu•eh  1st.  visilin-  Thank  (io,l  JFarbor  via  Capes  Heeeiiv 
and  Lupton.  returned  via  Newman  l!ay  and  Cape  Sumner  March  lUli.  bavin.,  be.'u 
detained  two  d.-iys  by  violent  st<irm. 

Or.  Pavy  visited  hineoln  Hay  in  Sepl,Mnb,.i..  .stablished  depols  in  Wran-ell  Riviii 
Oetober  .and  near  Mt.  Parry  in  Xoven.ber,  returnin-  on  the  Slh.  a7,d  belween 
March  .-.th  ;unl  !llh.  18S-'.  established  a  .lepol  near  (>e  Suum<.r.  ( )n  (Vtober  o,„l 
he  started  to  visit  C;.pe  Joseph  Henry,  but  was  tn-ned  ba.dc  bv  open  wafer  atthe 
Waek  Chlfs.  He  l..aves  March  18th,  1883.  to  reach  Land,  if  pos'sible.  north  of  (^aj.o 
Joseph  Henry.     I.uut.  Loekwoo.1  leaves  Ai)ril  1st  to.. xpl.  .re  the  land  north  and,.ast 


a 


•\  r      ;,   i; 


1.      ,    \\> 

1  ■■:  ':  ,■ 

N          •          ■'■", 

*                     •  1" 

.' 

J         s. 

■/; 

*         k 

'■' '     .  'i  ' . 

IT 

.J„   !'£ 

nRKKT.y  KKr.IRP  kxpedition. 


41 


;i:::;;  rr:?:.,:::  ™;rts:rur^:  ,^ • 


of 
The 


e  winter  i...p.L.......i.,r,-..,ai:u!:,;;;;,,;'!L:,;t''  "'"'■^'"'  """"^'^"••■"  •-  '^'^^>- 

,  ,  ,  .     ,  A.  VV.  (iRKF.TA', 

l.s7  L„;,l,„a„t,  r,lh  Cnni/r,/,  Avf,,  Si,,,  off.  ,„„l 

AmHtntit  Vttmmiimliiiii  Kriicditinn 

Oct.  .'II,    \HH->. 

r^n  up  Au,.  „U.,  I.S..  „,  r,i..„,..,„ua  V.rMy  „„„  ,.aHy  «..i„,  S...  ,.  Liu,.,,... 


IrIhiuI. 


nil 


i'l'i 


M 


m 


'iUi 


Ti„.-        ,1  •'"liT  f'ONriER,  fi.  I.     (h'f    'ifl//.  1SSO 

-.  ""n'l.      1  lie  (oust  still  (■(intiiiiKM    Its  liciul  to  (hi.  N'    h'  <ii-i      Ti, 

«)f  I-iik..  Hazen  via  KukkIcs  Kiv,..-.     X„  ,„s„mIiU.s  t<.  ,l,t..-    ,11  «,.li  •,.  ,  . 

cas..  of  no  v,.ss.l  th..  station  will  l„.  al.ai.loiM.       u,    J  i      Iks  ""'"•   ■ '" 

by  boats  aioiiK  ti...  w..t  coast  or  K..„„..,i,  ,';;:,^;;r:n;i  sn!u:;  «:.::;;'■  '■'■"'""■'« 

A.  W.  (JlilOELV.  1.S/  If.,  r,th  Cur.,  A.  S.  O.  and 

Asiiiiitdiit  Ctimmdiitliiin  Kvpi'dition. 


Rpronl  left  by  Lioutonant  Givcly,  ..on.n.an.liiiK  Polnr  RM».,lilioii    ..„  ,-o„.     i. 
L.ttleto„  Islan.l.  with  nltin.at..  iM.,.„tion  of  iva-.hi;;^  S.  K.  IZ'lZr 

aiuSr  K;;:!.h!!•,^:;^'H*'•^v^'''^'^ 
;:i;2'tu::;!r:,::;-::;;:ns:''"H.;ri:;-^^^^^^  -'• 

i>  1       1     /  J       1    -.,.  '~iri.'       »»  '  «n  iM  I  ,    Willi     MlOW  ;     1 1  let     m  ttiiit     !(><» 

Koaohe.    Carl  Ritt.-i-  Hay  about n,.  Au^.   ■•-.  an,l  took  „,,  ,  ulu'  1       i.u   .i 

onco  with  about  titty  .lavs  ,;,miAvU'  rations  ,.x,.,.nt  s, o-      ^.   ,       1     "   J      ^ 

80'43N     nioniin.r   \„/  V!      -i      1        "    '"^' ' '"' Pt  '''iK.u  .      .Stopix^l  by  tl(H' about 

JJn,  anaat  onn..  ui.,  Au«.  L.:h-,l  w.MV  ti..,l  u,U..i..Moo,  alMuU  Uv,.„  il.ss.mtho  V 
Norton  Shaw.    .Stoppod  by  ch.ns..  rubble  i...  which  extended  as  far  south  ucd^- 


42 


OREEIiY    KEMKF    K\  PRDITION. 


MccM.     All  well  at  that  tiiiit-.     IMuht'd  Cup.'  Mawkos  Aii^.  2(ltli,  tm.k  np  108  llw, 

liotutiH'H,  111  llw.  pickles,  ;!."i(l  lircail,  ;t~'l  Hti'arinc.     U'I't  satnf  nltiT n  ami  wci-f 

iH'Hct  thai,  iiJKlit  in  alxnit  I'-i  VV.,  7»  a")  N.  in  iitttMiiptinK  to  ii'aili  Viclmia  Head  liy 
direct  course.  All  well  Auk.  liT,  lHH;i.  No  Mif;ns  of  a  ship  or  of  ilepols  lor  us  have 
heeu  setii,  altliouKli  the  shore  luiH  lieen  earcl'iilly  I'olloweil  nnii  walclied.  A  N, 
K.  gale  forced  us  down  to  Tit  00'  Oft"  N.,  74  4.")  \V.,  when  teniiHTutiire  fell  Sept. 
Hth  to  -O.H,  freezinKJn  the  party.  It  is  the  intention  toaliandon  launch  /,<((///  (Irirtu 
and  one  IxMit  Monclay,  Sept.  10,  and  to  rcicli  (lajM-  Sahine  wili  two  lioatH  hy 
sledge  via  Cocked  Mat  Island.  I'arty  all  well  ai.d  in  good  spirits  at  date.  Have 
about  (40)  forty  days  complete  rations.  Itisthe  intention, as  soon  as  separation  -iiall 
he  sale,  to  send  an  officer  and  two  men  to  llrevoort  Island  to  ol)tiiJii  record,  which 
Hliuuld  !«•  there,  of  the  mo\cf' lentsof  ship  and  location  of  depot  this  year.  If  lioats 
1'  1  ('  I.  •■  u  left  there  it  will  greatly  fiu'ilitaleiau'  movcmentsand  increase  ourchaiices 
(if  Bafety.  Ahandoned  hnna  h  and  one  Imat  Se|)t.  lOth,  aial  later  another  hoal. 
Driven  into  the  middle  of  Kane's  Sea  twii'c  hy  S.  \V.  gale.s;  once  from  alioul 
thret'  uiileHoir  ( 'm'ked  Hat  Island,  and  again  from  ahout  same  distiince  from  Sahine; 
yet  later,  when  within  two  mile  of  Hrevoorl  Island,  driven  hy  a  N.  NV.  jiaii' and 
ice  pressure  to  north  side  Baird  Inlet.  l)etw<'en  Letfert  and  Alfreil  Newton  glai'iers 
tif  Adnnralty  chart  or  just  north  <if  Cape  I'attersoii,  Naresmap.  Ueaclied  land  Sepl- 
mith  with  one  Imat,  I'J  man  sledges,  'S>  days  ratior's.  Party  of  2.")  all  well  \t  i 
and  hopeful  of  future.  Lt.  IjMkwcMsl  prohahly  starts  for  Sahine  Oct.  I,  and 
will  de|K)sit  this  record.  If  no  rations  exci'jit  English  are  fouivd  they  will  he  hauled 
away  to  this  point,  and  Ca|H'  LsaUllu  visited  hy  sh'dge  in  hu|)e  of  linding  another 
there:  a.s  a  forlorn  hope,  when  rations  are  reduced  to  ten  days,  an  attem|)l  will  he 
nuide  to  reach  Littleton  Island  hy  sledge,  li'driiiy  n'ciinln  and  vaini  lu'ir  ii'itli  htiiit; 
records  to  he  not  exceeding  W  feet  from  Ixiat.  IViidulum  and  ihiplicate  reconls 
will  Ih>  cached  at  site  of  Kii'.lish  depot  hy  \A..  ]AK'kw(MMl.  Hojie  to  ohtain  game 
enough  to  keep  us  alive  until  Keh'y.,  wlieii  will  .start  for  Littleton  Island  as  sunn  as 
8un  permits  travelling. 

A.   \V.  (iKKKIA  . 
l.s<  Lt.  5  CV/c. ,  .1.  t>.  O.  <t'  Axu't  (.'(iiiiiiiiniiliiij/  Kriicililioii. 

Sept.  notii,  wm. 

N.  side  Uaird  Inlet. 


Visit  Brevoort  Island  for  maps  and  records  in  Englisli  cairn.  Our  parly  winter 
under  desjierate  circumstances,  in  imndnent  danger  of  starvation,  on  N.  side  Baird 
Inlet.     All  well;  twenty-live  yet  in  party. 

A.   W    (JKKLI.Y, 
1st  Lt.  5  Cav.,  A.  S.  ().  &  Asst.  ('(iiiuiuiiKliiH/  h^.r/ndiliiiti. 
Sept.  30,  1883. 
N.  side  Baird  Inlet. 


L<'ft  Lt.  Oreely'.s  party  at  north  side  Baird  Inlet  on  Oct.  1st.,  accompanied  hy  one 
Eskimo,  and  arrive<l  at  Payer  Harhor  yesterday,  Oct.  5th.  Encountered  gre;  ?  dif- 
ficulty in  travelling.  Ros.se  Bay  and  all  its  raniiU'itions  entirely  ojien  ami  trait 
found  opening  out  tothe  westof  t'ocked  Il.it  Island  and  separating  Sahine  from  main- 
land; had  to  l)e  followed  on  inside  throughout  its  entire  length. 

Travelled  through  thick  weather  yesterday  and  did  not  see  cache  landed  from 
wreck  of  Proteiix  and  mentioned  in  Lt.  (Jarlington's  notice,  hut  found  de])ot  of  240 
rat  ions  marked  hy  tri|x)dall  right,  lioat  damaged  its  stated.  The  cache  of  clothing 
opposite  the  ])lace  has  lieen  scattered  hy  the  hears.  Two  hags  of  hard  bread  found 
with  the  clothing  ;  one  [iju'tly  destroyed  (also  some  »♦**).     I  shall  now  enilcavor 


ORRKT.Y   RKr,IRK   RXPKDITION. 


48 


to  ,.xu,ni„,.  t|,„  KnKliMh  .arl,..  ho  that  m>  mny  kn..w  what  to  .I,.,h.,u1  ..,.«,»   hut  it  i.. 
IH^mnn  ,u,.l  s,.„.l  f...-  Ih..  ,,r.,v,H.„„H  h..r..in  .....ntion...!  «.  h,..,,,  uh  H,m<o  Ifc.y  fn......H 

tonlul:::  :'';;;"■"''"■"'*  '"""•'"■'""« "-  '"^  ^''-  '"--'y'"  """".mtio,, ..  i  c«„n,.t  whu 

T.H.  fold  for  furth..r  purti.nlui-H.     I  Hiurt  t„irk  ut  ..ri.,.. 

(iV.O.  II,  UU-K, 
Oct.  (Ith,  IHMJJ.  Signal  <;,rpH,  Liuly  Fmnklin  Hny  KrjKditioii. 


My  r«irty  .H  M..U-  permanently  ..ncun.|H..l  ..n  the  went  hLIo  .,f  a  hhuUI  nock  of  lu„,| 

« I...  h  ...,M„....tK  ,h,.  wn...k  ,.u,.h..  ....v..  or  hay  u.hI  th to  its  went.      I,is,a,    a 

.M,..ally  tron,  Caix-  Hahin.-  an.l  ( '.Kk..,!  Mat  !Klan,|.     All  well. 

A.  VV.  ORKKLY. 

Sunday,  Oct.  !i\,  IHH;t.  '"'  '''•  '*"'■••  ''»»i>ii<iniUiig. 

AHlmrttinn.,inHrYewell-Hft,TivaI  u-itl.  tl„.....  .•.•....nl.s.  wl.icl.  es- 

taM.slH.,|  tin.  I.M.ut,.,,.  of  Li,.ut..n,u.t  Greely  undluH  ,.urty,  Ensign 
Hurlow  s,KM,tU..I  Iru.n  Stalkn..cl,t  I.sIaM.l.  -H.,,,!  (ivn  n,...;  I  have 
round  III!  (Jn'ulys  iwonlH,  iiistniiiuMits,  &c."" 

Aft...-  tl...  fon-oiuK  n.,M,nls  foun.l  l,y  Lieutenant  Taunt  luid  been 
'  HM.Iully  n.a.l  un.l  un.l.rstn..,!.  tlu-  The/is  soum.1,..1  tl.m,  I.u.k  l.la.stH 

Up  to  this  Miuinont  tiio  steam  .Hitt.-r  of  tl.e  /^«n-  had  not  yeteot 
Hway.  Slu.  wa.s  onlen.!  alon^si-h.  the  77/r//,v,  ^ivM.  a  tia^.  .some 
I)emniR'an.  and  bivad. 

Li..ut,.„aMt  Cohv,.||,  of  the  /Mn;  wasKiveninstruetions  to  proeee.l 
,  '"',  \V.'';'^'  V'^'"';  ''"■'"'•  <'"^  vvhoivalu.utsof  which  he  knew,  as  he 
Hud  estal.|,.sh,.d  ,t  the  year  I.efo.v.  an.l  if  any  of  theparty  were  alive 

...nlonn  hen.  that  their  relief  wa.s  dose  at  hand.  At  the  same  time 
he  was  n,.s  rucled  to  administer  food  with  th,.  greatest  eare  until  the 
surgeons  sh(mld  arrive. 

Sonie  Ijalf  hour  later  1  went  on  board  the  Hear  a,nd  .steamed 
r-.und  to  the  AVnn.k  Can.p  .-ache,  distant  about  Hve  nnh-s  from  Bre- 
voort  Jshind. 

The  m'fis  was  left  at  Payer  Harb..r  with  orders  to  pick  up  all 

u-tu^s  s,.jt  out  to  exandne  the  cairns.  <.ac.hes.  and  n  Jt  line.^tn 
then  to  follow  the  Bear  to  the  Wreck  Camj.  cache 

The  ,ce  of  Kan,.  S,.a  was  set  off  the  lan.l  to  the  northwar.l  about  a 
(,ua  ter  ot  a  nule  by  the  strong  southerly  gale  blowiuK  at  th,.  time 

rhe/?mr  reached  the  camp  about  l*.;!,)  p.  ,»..  about  t,.n  minut,>s 
after  the  steam  cutt,.r.     Th,.  7'A.//.varrive.lat  thecampabout  fifteen 


44 


GRKEIiV    RKLIKF    EXr'EDrTlON. 


TIk!  water  iiliout  llic  coasf  hciiio- very  <1im'|..  tl:,.  Hcitr  wuh  fiiii  close 
in  towards  tlie  heacli. 

As  t'le  steam  cutter  readied  the  Wreck  Caiiipracli,..  Liculeiianl 
C()l\.  '1,  Cliiet'  KiiKiiieer  Lowe,  and  Ice  Masters  Ash  and  Ndrnian 
discovered  SerKoant  Lon^  standiii^r  on  the  rocks,  aliove  tlie  neach. 
Ruiinin,i,nn  tothe.sliore.  and  takingliim  into  the  eiittei-.  tliey  learned 
from  liinitlielocationof  thecajnpaiid  the  nnmliei'alive.  'lia-y  went 
to  it  to  announce  to  Lieutenant  (ireely  th(^  coniiu.i;'  of  relief.  Cliicf 
F^n^nneer  Lowe  returned  to  tlte  steam  cutler  fi'oni  ihe  cam|i,  and 
brou.i,dit  Lonj,' off  at  once  to  tlH>  Jlcar.  to  ;;ive  nie  all  details  of  the 
l)arty.-    The  otliers  remain(>d  on  sliore  with  (ii'cely's  party. 

As  Lonj,'  was  too  weak  to  ,!,^et  on  l)oard  liimself.  he  was  carried  up 
tlie  side  by  the  crew  and  ])laced  on  a,  cliair  in  tlie  saloon.  Leai  iiin^' 
full  particulars  from  him.  after  a  few  momentV.  conversation.  1  went 
on  shore  in  the  steam  cutter  immediately  witli  Lieutenant  Mniory. 
Ensi^ni  Reynolds.  Doctor  Ames,  and  S(!veral  of  the  crew  ol  tlie  llcdr. 
and  reached  Greely's  cam])  al)out  10  ji.  m. 

Lieutenant  Colwell  iid'ormed  ine  tliat  he  found  the  tent  covering- 
the  i)arty  blown  down  on  them,  and  that  he  had  partially  raised  it 
with  tlie  assistance  of  Ash  and  iVi>rmaii.  and  ha'd  nivn  the  survi- 
vors some  small  bits  of  bread  and   pemmican. 

Signal  Avasmade  to  the  Thetis,  soon  after  comiiii,'  uj).  to  send  more 
ofTicers  and  men  with  Ensign  Harlow,  and  the  jihotographic  insdai- 
nient;  also  to  send  clothing.  blaid<ets.  and  stretchers. 

To  this  signal  Ciiief  Engineer  Melville.  Dr.  (ireen.  Lieutenant 
Taunt.  Lieutenant  Lemly,  and  Ensign  Harlow,  of  the  77(c//,s-.  and 
Lieutenant  ITsher.  of  the  B(Ht)\  responded. 

These  ollicers  were  assigned  various  duties  in  connection  with  the 
removal  of  the  living  and  dead,  their  elfects.  cSrc'.  The  doctors  \\,re 
left  to  administer  stimidaiits  to  Lieutenant  (ireely.  Sergeant  Elisoii. 
Si'rgeant  Brainard.  Hospital  Steward  Hierderbick.  Sergeant  Kred- 
ericks.  and  Private  Council,  who  were  found  alive  in  this  wivlcheil 
tent.  Ensign  Harlow  photographed  the  tent,  the  burying  giMund 
on  the  ridge,  and  the  winter  hut  in  the  hollow  nea!  liy. 

While  these  things  were  being  done  the  camp  and  its  surround- 
ings were  ci'refully  examined. 

It  was  determined  at  once  to  remov(>  all  the  dead  for  traiisporta- 
tioi!  to  the  United  States. 

Lieutenant  Em(»ry.  of  the  Hear,  was  directed  to  take  such  ollicers 
as  he  might  deem  necessat'y  to  exhume  the  bodies. 

This  order  to  exliuine  the  dead  included  their  removal,  with  all 
efl'ects.  to  the  Tliefis  :  the  careful  examinaliou  of  the  ice-foot  and 
vicinity  of  the  camp  for  records  and  everything  hilonging  to  the 
Lady  Franklin  Bay  Expedition.  'J'he  work  was  so  energeticallv  and 
jinmiptly  i)erformed  that  the  ships  were  able  to  start  foi'  I'ayer  Har- 
bor about  :!.  a  m.  June  to 


OREELY   UELIEP   EXPEDITION. 


45 


Some  time  after  mKlniglit  the  surgeon  reported  the  survivors  were 
so  fur  streng  he.uMl  hy  stiuu.lants  and  food  that  remo^  a]  t<.  the  sh    >s 
was  heguu  :  Lu.ut..,ant  Greely.  Sergeant  Brainard.  Hospital  l^^e 
B,erd<,rb,ek   and  Private  Connell  to  the  Thefis-  SergLuits  FrX 
icks  and  Elison  to  tlH>  /y^ar.  "ii>->rituoi- 

The  gale,  uhica.  had  blown  all  day  increased  to  a  hurricane  durinir 
the  n.ght      W,n-k  with  boats,  therefore,  was  both  .lillicult  and    lau 
J^erons.     W.th  n.nch  -lifficulty  the  ships  were  kept  head  to  t^l  Id : 
the  fr,Hiuent  squalls  often  dr<,ve  them  oif.  broadside  to.  and  wl  He 

IL3  wair    '""'  '""'""'  ''"•  ^'"''  '''"'^  ^"'"^'^  '"^  ''"^  ^"  ^^•"-^t  into 

It  was  in  such  weather  (hat  we  w.m-.,  obligc<l  to  work  to  recover  the 

living  and  the  dead  :  an.l  although  the  shore  was  at  times  hardly  a 

Z^t^r'' '''  "-''  ''-''  '--'y  --'I'  ^"  traversing  tJL;; 

().S!'"rl.v;'"''''"" /''■""":"■"  '•""'i'-  "'•■"^'""'"'  -  ^"«  ^•-«<>ni  of 

u.    ■(  .,     s";'-         t'  "•""■'>' "-l-^^y'>etween  Cocked  Hat 
Island  and  Cape  babin...     It  was  situated  ab.mt  seventy-five  to  one 
undred  feet  back  Iron,  the  beach,  on  a  slight  elevati.n,  above  t  le 
water,  and  protected  by  high  mountains  to  the  southward 

\.  hen  vea,.hed  the  t.'.d  was  loun.l  blown  down,  but  was  raised  par- 
tially by  the  par  les  first  reaching  it.     It  contained  all  (he  surv     '  s 
except   lung.      Soon  after  C'olwell  and   his  partv  rea,.he,i  th.    t    , 
munKn.d,B,er.h;rbicl<,a„dFrederickscanHMa;t.amlunde   tU  :^^^^^^^ 

n^  boat.     But  a  sln^rt  tune  was  m-e,led  to  .lenn.nstrate  how  mistaken 
ey  were,  ,.,r  aft^r  the  strength  gained  in  their  excitement  h  dt 
sided  all  were  earned  on  stretc-hers  to  the  boats,  except  Frede  icks 
who  was  assisted  by  two  strong-armed  s..amen  ^^^'l^ncks, 

f'owelln.portedtonn..,n  my  arrival  the  condition  in  which   he 

:;.;;;.;:';■;'■•''-'''• '''"-i'M".ha..ingivingfood  spacing 

..>    li.Mted:  the  conversatn.Ms  that  had  ensued  between    him  and 

lH.se  ,escue,l  :   bnt  to  describe  the  in.pressive  scene  inside  the    .^^ 

.-,.  on  n.y  arrual  wm,  Lieutenant  EnH.ry  and  others,  is  m,t  an  easy 

l.ieutenant  freely  was  in  his  sleeping  bag.  with  his  l,o,lv  slightly 

;-'i  an,    restuig  Ins  head  upon  his  hand.     Notwithstamli 'g  he 

■';'  ';;:■"."'  ^^■'•"  ^7  -■-  '-  ■•'Pl-.-red  .la.ed  and  asked  if  w..  ™ 

-t    Kngl.slnnen.      Physically  he  seen.ed  weakest,   except  Couh 

,";'"•■'">;  '-  '•M;1h-;"I  -'ue  vigorous  than  the  others  of 'his         ty 

l.s  nund  waudere,!  soncwhat.     Ifis  answers  to  nuestions    i,,/„'  ,W 

--:■'<■;'''"  au..aMin,es  incoherent :  oeeasionan^lr^dTX^ 
■"n,.ell. apparently  uMl;  sonie  .(fort,  but  wo.dd  soon  b.dicate  that 
Hsnn.nory  was  indistinct.      I'ausing  lor  a  n.on.ent,  as  if  ,     ;' 

•'"*'^^.>.ds.      ii,ose  lennMC'  your  wife  so  kindly  put  up  for  us."  &o. 


46 


(il{KKI-V    ItKMKK   KXl'KDITION. 


He  liiid  laiii  for  wocks  in  bis  sit  ('pinf,'-i)a^!j;,  on  iiccount  of  ^n'iidnally 


ailinj^sii'oiij^Mi  ;  was  imalilc  lostiiiul 


Hone,  a 


11(1  was  almost  lu'lpli'ss, 


except  in  a  sitting  posture  ;  all  jjain  of  lunii^cr  had  ceased;  his  ap- 


pearanc(»  Avas  wi 


d  :   Ills  1 


lair  was  Ioiil^  Jiiid  matted;  liis  f; 


iiid 


hands  were  covered  witli  sooty,  thick  dirt ;  liis  form  had  wasted  al- 
most to  a  skeleton  ;  his  feet  and  Joints  wnv  swollen  ;  liis  eyes  were 
sunken,  and  his  body  scantily  covered  with  dirty  and  almost  worn- 
out  garments,  whicli  li.-id  not  iieen  chnnged  for  six  or  eight  months. 

)und  was  des])erate  and  critical. 


Private  CcjnneH's  coniiitioii 


He  was  s])eechless  and  wms  hi'cathing  with  difhculty.     He  was  cohl 


almost  to  liis  waist.     }l 


IS  eyes  wer( 


lixed  and  glassy  in  appearance, 


atininlants  were  aihninistered  by  the  surgeons  after  their  arrival  witli 
coiisiderahle  difliculty,  although  Colwell  had  ventured  to  anticipate 
tiieni  on  account  of  his  exti'eiiKi  condition.  His  heart  was  i)ulsatiiig 
irregularly;  his  temperature  was(|uite  hiw.  while  his  face  was  swollen 
beyond  recognition.  From  his  eyes  and  llui  cornei's  of  his  mouth 
olfensive  humor  was  emitting.  Ho  was  virtually  .saved  from  the  jaws 
of  ileath. 

Poor  Sergeant  Elison  was  found  in  his  .sleeping-bag,  in  which  he 
had  lain  helpless  for  months,  with  his  hands  and  feet  frozen  and 
sloughing  away.  His  comrades  had  secured  a  .spoon  to  the  stump  of 
his  right  hand  ihr.t  he  might-  feed  himself.  Otherwise  he  was  in 
betti'i'  condition  than  most  of  the  l)arty,  from  the  fact  that  his  com- 
])anions  had  doled  out  to  him  from  their  scant  alknvance  of  food  during 
the  latter  period  of  greatest  distress  on  account  of  his  com])lete  help- 
lessness to  add  anything  to  his  [littanct^  by  hunting  about  the  roid^s 
forlii'hens.  oi'liycatchingshrimijs.  He  suffered  less  waste  of  strength 
than  th(*  othei's.  and  if  the  I'cscue  had  heen  delay«>(l  another  forty 
lh)urs  he  wou 
lis  the  tale. 


Id  in  all  likelihood  have  been  the  only  <uie  left  to  tell 


This  case  of  Elison,  under  the  niost  des[)erate  circumstances,  im- 
prt>ssed  me  ;iswoi'thyof  brave  and  generous  men  who  had  been  foniul 
suffering  and  dying  together. 

Sergeants  Brainard  and  Fi'cdei'icks  and  Hospital  Steward  Bierder- 
l)i(d-:  wen^  all  extremely  weak  and  unable  to  .stand  without  assistance 
for  any  length  of  time.  Sut'li  was  their  condition  that  theyno  l.niger 
dared  ventnrv  away  from  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  cauiji  to  .seek 
I'ood.  nor  t  >  collect  lichens  or  catch  shrim})s  u])on  which  they  had  to 
dejiend  to  a  great  extent  to  sustain  their  lives.  Like  Greely.  they 
were  .swollen,  and  beyond  recognition.  They  were  covered  with 
.sooty  dirt;  had  not  changed  their  worn-out  (dothes  nor  Avasaed  for 
t'ight  months. 

Sergeant  Long's  office  of  hunter  f  -v  the  starving  party  had  made 


it 


I'cessarv  to  inci'ease  his  allowa   "e  some.\  hat    over  that  of  the 


others  to  maintain  his  strength  that  i.e  might  continue  to  the  last  hi: 
battle  for  food  and  life  to  the  other  helpless  ones.     Vet.  in  his  i.-ase, 


OKEELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION, 


47 


thF,  offoct  of  contiiuu'il  and  anxious  effort  Imd  told  its  storv  in  Vn-« 
wasted  for.n      Shorter  and  short.-  ,huly  ionrn^ys^^ ^^^ Z^^ 

tLrfh    7"^"n'/^V'"'  ?^''""'  ^^''^1"  ^"  '-«l  weather,  so  fr.'<^e^ 
the  e,  lu.  ,,u„,|  ,„    .trongtli  unequal  to  braving  win.ls.  storn.s  and 
cold.     Lii<o  the  oUu.rs.  h..  wns  giving  up  the  l.attlo.  and  his  strentrth 
was  so  nuich  impaired  when  he  lu-anl  the  sound  of  tlu.  jovful      ell 
signal  wlustle  a  the  neN.  that  enough  only  was  left  to  en     1    ,  j 
to  stagger  out  to   l.e  rocdcs  overlooking  Kane  Sea  to  discover  if      a 
signal  proce(.ded  from  sliips  in  sight. 
His  (irst  visit  was  a  bitter  <lisappointnient,  as  he  saw  nothing      A 

^.-.md  nsit,  nut  J.  sunn,  fifteen  minutes  later,  under  great  diffi 
b ro  ght  hun  w.tlun  .^0  yards  of  the  /M,r^.s  steam  cutter,  and  in  view 
of  the  relief  slnps  eonung  ar..und  Cape  Sabine.     When  the  steam 
cutter  n«i  into  the  beach  where  Long  was  seen  he  walk.!^  Zl    ol" 
down    he  ice-covered  cliff  and  w..s  taken  into  the  cutter.     He      . 
f..rn.ed  Lieufenant  Colwell  that  tl,e  location  of  the  camp  was  just 

a^it  ail^lj;   •'""'  ''"'""^'  "•"■"  ""•"  ^^•""•"  ■'''''■^'  i-I-H^LieuJr 
The  experien.'e  of  th.-  rescued,  gained  during  the  latter  part  of  the 
h>i.g  and  desoh.tewmferwhih.wal.-hing  their  dying  ,•,   nrades  as 
ouejdhn-anotlu.rluu  passedaway  forever  fVon.unong:;th.^^^^ 
the  lew  re„,a,mng    l.at  fhe,r  swolh-u  joints  and  faces  had  a  sig.dli- 

toal    o    those  who  were  now  dea.l  about  torty-eiglit  hours  bef<.re 
d.ssoluf ,on.     It  indicated  to  the  survivors  hut  a  .short  lease  of  1  ,t 
no  ivscue  came,  probably  not  much  ULor..  than  forfv-eight  hours   ' 
Durmg  the  last  few  months  tlu- rescued  party  had  survived  upon 

hlu.  ups  boiled  with  theui  forme.l  a  gelatinous  mass  of   repulsive 

""tj^m  "i^-'nl"  1 '■'  "'?;'f  strengthening  them.  SuppUmient! 
ng  llus  n  .ss  with  hchens  wluch  grew  about  the  rocks,  thos,  rescucl 
nanaged  to  maintain  themselves  for  .several   weeks,  though  when 

the^camp  was  reache.l  a  suj.ply  for  some  forty-eight  lumrs  only  was 

About  the  ciMup  were  strown  various  article.s  of  cast-off  cloth  ini.- 

Token  canip  equipage  of  all  .sorts,  the  bow  of  a  boat  whicii  ha.l  bec^i 

u-d  as  fuel,  an.l  debris  of  all  kinds.     Each  one.  howefer.  had  c.i^ 

u   y  wrapped  and  marked  what  vahmbles  remained  to  bin     .    .^ 

he.r   desperate   struggle.     They  were  to  be  oj.eued    l.y   friends  at 

home  It,  perchan....  death  should  come  before  rescue 

rhe  conditions  of  the  .surroun.liugs  of  this  wretc'hed  camp  were 
11  keeping  with  the  .scenes  inside  aiul  about  the  tant-de.sperate  del 
<.kea,^  abandoned.  The  bleak  barrenness  of  the  s^'r^ ^t 
•bxl  b>  A.ct  c  fowl  or  aiumal :  tlio  row  of  graves  on  a  little  ridge  a 
hundml  feet  away,  with  protruding  Iiea.ls  and  feet  of  those  kter 
buried,,  were  a  sa<l  and  silent  witness  to  the  daily  increasing  weak 


48 


(JKKKIA'    KKl.IKK   KX  I'l.DITKl.V. 


nos:^nf  lliflittli'  1)iiii<l(«f  survivors;  tlKMlfsciMcil  Aviutcr  (iimrtcrs  in 
tlii"  liollow  hclnw.  with  its  l.ink.Mi  Willi,  iiivaiicl  liy  11i((  water  frmii 
tilt' Mii'ltiiiLj  snow  anil  icf  aliont,  it. ;  tiicilfiul  liodics  of  t wo  coininm- 
ions  stretched  out  on  tlu'  ic.'-foot  tluit  ivinain.Ml ;  the  wivti'licil  iipol- 
oKy  for  cooking  ntcnsils.  inijifoviscd  l.y  them  in  their soiv  distress, 
liiivdly  deservin.t;-  the  name;  the  si-ittcred  and  woi'ii-ontclothes  and 
sleeiiinn-l)ai;s  ol"  the  dead;  the  alisence  of  all  food,  save  u  I'ew  cups 
full  ol'l.oih'd  seal-skin  srraps;  1h(*  wild  and  weird  scene  of  snow, 
ice,  and  j;hH-i''i'^  overlonkiiii'-  and  oveihanKiiiK  this  desolate  eanip, 
completed  a,  iiietuiv  as  stai'tliu.i;' , IS  it  was  impressive. 

It  was  more  start  liii,:;'  and  deeply  pathetic  than  1  had  ever  dre;imi'd 
could  lie  possihle.  In  hclh ildin-'  it  and  ponderin.n'  over  what  hail 
tak.'U  i)lace  aliout  me,  the  su.uT^estion  occurred  that  if  the  expedi- 
tion's service  had  demonstrated  any  one  thini;-  more  than  another,  it 
was  that  an  houi'  had  its  value  to  at  least  oueof  the  rescued  party. 

From  this  scci\e  it  was  ueces>,-,ry  to  turn  to  the  duty  to  he  per- 
formed while  the  -ale  was  still  holdin.u;  tie'  tioe  ice  olf  the  laml. 
Ahout  1  p.  m.  the  survivors  wen'  sullicieutly  strong  to  he  carried  on 
stretchers  to  the  steam  and  other  cutters,  aud  were  taken  on  hoard 
the  ships  duriiii;-  the  fury  of  the  i<;:i\v.  The  surgeons  ami  myself  ac- 
companied tlicni.  Lieuteuaut  Kmory  was  left  on  shore  to  exhume 
the  dead  aud  to  hrin.i;'  olV  everythiui;-  helou.u'iu.i;-  to  the  exiu'dition 
fouuii  in  or  around  the  camp.  1  <li<l  not  return  to  the  camp  aKaiu. 
The  dead  were  !>uried  on  a  ridt;e  hack  of  the  cami>,  distant  fi'om  it 
pcrhajis  tiftv  yards. 

The  hodit'sof  Privates  Henry  aud  Schneider  were  found  on  tlu'  ice- 
foot west  of  tlu'  camp,  the  former  distant  ahoul  lifty.  the  latterahoiit 
one  hundred  and  lifty  yards. 

In  exhumin.i;-  the  bodies,  one  at  a  time  wa^  tak.'U  up  and  wrapped 
in  hlankets.  'Pickets  or  la-s  of  canvas  were  sowed  to  them,  marked 
in  the  order  of  exhumint;-  them.  1,  •.'.  :'>.  iV'c. 

Lienti'uaut  Fjnory  drew  a  ])Iot  of  this  huryiu.i;'  ground,  with  the 
iiuudiersof  the.i^rav'esmarke.l  in  order  of  exhnmin--.  This  plot  was 
sul)se(piently  suhmitted  to  Sergeant  Brainard,  who  Irnl  superintended 
the  hurials.'  The  names  of  tluMlead  correspond  in-'  to  these  nnmhers 
were  mark(d  under  them.     Their  identity  was  complete. 

The  liodiertwere  carefully  wrajiped  up  and  stowed  in  one  of  the 
dories  on  hoard  the  TIk'H-^.  '  They  weiv  covered  with  ice  aud  j;-uar(hd 
until  tanks  could  he  pivjiariMl  lo  hold  alcohol.  This  was  done  thi-ee 
days  afterwards,  when  six  of  the  bodies  were  transfernd  to  tlie  llmr. 
All  rhe  l)odies  were  then  jihiced  in  alcohol  in  the  tanks.  an<l  so  car- 
i-ied  to  St.  .fohnV.  Newfoundlanil. 

The  orders  to  l.,ieulenant  Emory  were  carried  out  with  such 
promptness  and  disi.alch,  that  hy  :i  a.  m..  .lune-j:!.  thehodi.'sof  all 
the  dea<l.  as  well  as  all  ri'cords.  instruments,  Ldothing,  a.nd  relu's 
found  in  camp,  were  on  hoard  the  Thrfi.-<  and  Bear.     Both  ship.s 


■'■iiilllij 

' '"i 

''ill 

i       II    '' 

1  !'"'  ' 

/ 


<itti.;i.;i,v  Kiir.rKF  RXPKi.irroN.  49 

thon  f.foamr.,1  l,,ul<  (0  Pay.-r  ffurlM.r.  i,,  .„,!,.,■  („  kIv..  ..(H.-.-vk  uiwI 
m."n  a  tmv  huurs"  slcrp  uh.l  rfst  uft,.,-  flu-ir  hani  w.rk  and  ..xiH-surc 
tor  the  fi)c,M.(linv:  f  vvcuty-fc.ur  liours. 

Ueutvumit  (lively  nn.'l  SMx.-m,t  Urn,., .ml,  beiuK  nm-l.  ih.|.rov...l 
by  10  a.  m..  of  Juno  V'.J.  inf,„m.>.l  tno  .Hiriuliy  (U,„  r.-nncr  .cIVn-iM.r 
me  to  his  ihnvy  in  v.-rilinifi.-M)  tliat  s..v,u(,.,.m  iru.n  of  Hi..  Liuly 
^niiilvIiMBay  Kx|H.(liti..n  lia,l  pcriMli...!  hy  Mtumition.  mi-l  thiitoiio 
I1U.I  boon  (IiuwikmI  wliile  „ut.  seuliuK.  The  iinincs  ..f  (lie  .lea,.!,  with 
(late  of  doiitJi,  follow: 


N«mo. 


I)ut<!  iif  death. 


Mt'WJniit  CroHH !  January  Ih,  ihki 

KiV(lcrlcl((ilirlH(lttii)(on(E«kirM(i)»j  A|iril  5,  ikhi. 

HiMWuiit  Uim ..i  Aiirll  (I,  IHMl, 

l.ii'iili'hiint  IjK'kwiHid  Ajiill  1>,  IHKI. 

Sci K>'iuit  Kiel Apiil  !P,  INHI. 

HiTKwuit  Jnwell I  April  IJ,  IHKI. 

JciisEilwanKEHkliiiiii |  April  ai,  IKRl. 

Il-lvat..  KlIlH I  May  IH.  'iNKI. 

Htrtfi-oiit  ItaLston I  Jjay  -JH,  IHKI, 


Naiiii'. 

I'rivai..  wiilHtlcr 

HcrKi'iiiil  iMriM'l. 

Llciiliimnl  KlHlliiKhiiry 

('(irporal  .Saliir 

rrivrttf  lli'iiry 

DiK'tor  I'avy 

I'rivati^  III  udcr , 

SiiKi'ant  Oanllner 

Private  Stilinejder 


l>at<'  of  diMUii 


May  -.'I.  1K1|, 
.May  -r,,  IHKI. 
.Illlli'  I,  IHH(. 
.Illllr  a.  IHKl. 
.Imii'ii,  lKs|, 
iiini'd.  IMKI. 

.llMII'li,  INKI. 
.Illllr  IJ,  IHHI. 
Juno  IH,  IHKl. 


•Buried  at  Oixlhaven,  in  compliance  with  II,.   iv(,ue>tt  of  the  Iiispirtur  „(  N„rtli  (Invnlaad. 

Th(- lio(li( -<  of  all  the  dt-ad  were  recovered  oxeept  that  of  JeiiH 
Edward,  Eskimo,  who  was  drowned  wliile  sealing,  and  thorns  of  Hvv 
gtviiit  Rice,  Corporal  Salor,  Private  Bonder,  Sergeant  (iardiiu'r, 
and  Doctor  Pavy.  These  bodies,  having  Jieen  buried  in  the  ict-foot' 
were  .swept  away  by  winds  tind  tides  b.d'orti  my  arrivtil.  No  tracti 
of  thorn  could  be  discovered,  althongh  the  vicinity  was  carefully 
searched. 

At  11  a.  m.,  Juno  2.'},  I  .sent  Lieut,  aant  Emory,  with  ;lie  />Va/-, 
back  to  the  wreck  camp.  Lieutenant  S.^bree,  Chief  Engineer  Mt^- 
ville.  and  a  numbtM-  of  meii  from  tin.  Tht'tift  were  detailed  to  accom- 
pany him  in  order  to  make  another  search  mtu-e  extended  than  thtit 
of  the  preceding  day,  and  to  include  the  coast  from  the  ice  limit, 
half  mile  west  of  the  camj).  up  to  Ctipe  Sabine.  This  .search  lasted 
seveml  hours,  but  added  nothing  to  that  made  the  previous  .lay. 
Durhig  the  Bear's  absence  Lieutenant  rireely's  records  and  the 
.standard  pendulur\  were  brought  to  tli(>  Thrfis  from  Sttdknecht 
Lsland. 

About  5  p.  m.  the  Bear  returned  to  Payer  Harbor.  She  barely 
escaped  the  crii.sh  of  ic,>  against  the  land  in  the  vicinity  of  Cape 
Sabine.  The  wind  having  slacked  np,  the  ice  iti  Kane  Sea  moved 
to  the  southward. 

After  the  lieai-'ft  return  botli  ships  sailed  from  Ptiyer  Harbor  to 
Littlet.m  Island,  passing  Baird  Inlet,  but  found  all  the  ice  .sAvept  out 
to  sea.  We  retiched  Littleton  Island  about  «.;$(»  p.  m.,  and  trans- 
ferred six  of  the  dead  to  the  Bear,  with  instruction.s  to  prepare  them 
H.  Mis.  1,57 4 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


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50 


GREEIiY   RKLIEF   EXPEDITION. 


for  trans})ortation  in  hIcoIioI  to  St.  Johns,  NcwfoundLand,  We 
were  driven  froln  Payer  Harbor  l)y  tlie  ice  from  Kane  Sea  setting 
down  oiitside  the  harbor. 

The  tanks  having  been  prepared  1)y  Juno  35.  the  bodies  oi  tlie  dead 
were  transferred  to  them.  Dr.  (ireen,  Cliief  Engineer  Melville,  and 
Ensign  Harlow,  of  tlio  Thetis;  Dr.  Ames,  Lieutenant  Croshy,  and 
Lieutenant  Colwell,  of  the  Bi'(ii\  ])rei)iu  cd  the  hodien  in  the  following 
manner:  From  each  Ixidy  the  clothing  was  removed.  It  was  then 
wrapjjed  in  strips  of  cotton  cloth  from  head  to  foot,  backwai'ds  and 
forwards  several  times.  Cfjtton  sheeting  was  tlicn  used  to  cover  the 
whole,  cut  to  fit  the  form  of  the  Ijody.  Wrai)])C(l  in  this  way,  the 
l)ody  was  placed  in  the  tanks  and  secured  against  movement  wlien 
ramming  ice  or  when  rolling  in  tlie  i)assage  after  leaving  the  ice. 
This  arrangement  was  temi)orary.  and  would  not  answer  when  mak- 
ing the  passage  beyond  St.  John's,  Newfoundland. 

In  preparing  the  bodies  of  t,he  dead  for  ti-ansjiortation  in  alcohol 
to  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  it  was  found  that  six  of  them  (Lieix- 
tenant  Kislinghury,  Sergeants  Jewell  and  Ralston,  Privates  Whist- 
ler, Henry,  and  Ellis)  had  been  cut  and  tli  >  fleshy  parts  removed  to 
a  greater  or  less  extent  with  a  view  no  doubt  to  use  as  shrinii^  bait. 
All  other  bodies  were  found  intact. 

When  the  bodies  (jf  the  dead  were  exposed  in  preparing  them  their 
identification  was  found  to  ho  complete.  Some  of  them  could  be 
recognized  by  aid  of  a  picture  taken  with  us  from  home.  Others, 
whose  features  had  decayed,  were  identified  by  other  characteristics. 
I  am,  therefore,  satisfied  that  no  mistake  was  made  in  this  impor- 
tant matter,  wliicli  so  impressed  us  from  the  beginning. 

Both  ships  remained  at  Littleton  Island  until  o.55  a.  in.,  June  34, 
to  deposit  a  record  in  the  Nares  cairn  for  Commander  CoHin,  inform- 
ing him  of  the  result  of  the  expedition,  and  ordering  him  to  Uper- 
iiavik  or  Disco,  where  the  Tlictis  and  A'car  were  to  await  his  arrival. 
This  concluded,  and  the  wind  having  hauled  to  the  northward,  send- 
ing the  ice  down  upon  the  ships,  we  .steamed  to  Foulke  Fiord,  until 
the  ice,  moving  down  Smith's  Sound,  obliged  us  to  move  southward, 
to  avoid  being  caught  in  the  pack. 

At  2. .'55  p.  m.  both  sliips  started  southward  towards  Northumber- 
land Island,  and  meeting  very  heavy  ice  we  attempted  to  reach  a 
position  on  its  iKn-thern  side,  but  to  do  so  we  were  obliged  to  pass 
through  a  field  of  icebergs  for  twenty-four  miles,  packed  closely  to- 
gether. The  difficulties  of  navigating  in  this  mass  of  ice  were  much 
increased  by  dense  fog  and  snow.  Continuing  onward,  however, 
we  arrived  about  11.35  p.  ni.,  but  were  beset  for  the  remainder  of 
that  night  in  the  heavy  pack  between  Northumberland  and  Hakluyt 
Islands. 

The  following  morning.  June  35,  at  K)  a.  m.,  the  ice  o])ened  some- 
what, with  water  spaces  here  and  there.     Both  ships  then  succeeded 


GREELY   KELIP3K   EXI'WDITtoN. 


51 


in  working  out  of  this  lieavy  ico  pack  around  tlio  nortli  sido  of  Hak- 
luyt  Islands,  into  a  small  spaco  of  open  water  on  its  soutliwest  side. 
Huro  wo  woro  dotainod  until  ;{.;!()]).  m.  before  the  ico  permitted  us  to 
ram  our  Avay  into  open  water,  under  the  soutli  side  of  Northumber- 
land Island,  where  wo  arrived  about  ry.'M  p.  m.,  when  both  ships 
camo  to  anchor  on  the  edge  of  a  large  floo  piece.  All  leads  were 
closed  to  the  southward  across  Whale  Sound.  This  position  was 
much  exposed  and  the  ships  in  much  danger  shoidd  any  northerly 
movement  of  the  tide  sot  the  heavy  floes  against  the  south  side  of 
Northumberland  Island.  The  utmost  vigilance  was  necessary  to  de- 
tect the  slightest  opening  in  the  ice  across  Whale  Sotind  to  effect  es- 
cape into  raoro  open  water  and  to  a  less  expo.sed  situation.  At  7.;j() 
p.  m.  tlie  tide  clianged,  and  fortunately  there  was  but  litlle  wind. 
The  opening,  as  expected,  began  at  this  time,  and  both  ships  were 
pushed  into  a  lead  near  by,  though  it  reciuired  some  heavy  ramming 
for  a  disttmco  of  (>  miles  to  reach  the  open  water  that  had  made  with 
the  change  of  tide  imdor  the  land  in  the  direction  of  Capo  Parry, 
where  both  ships  arrived  about  midnight. 

A  cairn  was  erected  on  the  top  of  Cape  Parry,  in  the  most  pi-omi- 
nont  position  to  ])e  seen  in  passing  north  or  south.  Orders  and  news 
were  left  in  this  cairn  for  Commander  Coffin. 

At  3  a.  m.,  June  20,  got  imder  way  and  .'•:*■  ..-ned  towards  Wolsten- 
hobu  Island  through  a  narrow  lead.  At  a  pjint  near  that  island  wo 
fell  in  with  the  Dundee  whalers  Jaen  Maeii,  Esquhtumx,  Coru- 
u-allis,  Narivhal,  Triune,  Nova  Zciabla,  and  Polynia,  and  an- 
nounced to  most  of  them  the  news  of  the  rescue  of  Lieutenant  Greely 
and  six  of  the  Lady  Frai  klin  Bay  Expedition.  This  was  done  in 
order  that  they  raiglit  not  continue  on  into  the  dangers  of  Smith's 
Sound  or  be  led  farther  north,  if  they  had  so  intended,  iiuyh)Wjo£_ 
tlie  reward  ottered  by  Congress  for  the  rescue  of  Lieutenant  Greely 
andhis  comrades.  This  was  eight  days  after  we  had  passed  Capo 
"^o'rkr"- 

In  connection  with  these  splendid  sailor*  of  the  Dundee  fleet  I 
would  state  to  the  Department  tiiat  they  were  most  cordial  to  mo 
during  the  interval  of  time  wlien  the  ice  conditicais  of  Melville  Bay 
kept  us  together.  From  them  a  vast  amount  of  useful  information 
touching  the  navigation  of  this  region  was  oljtained,  which  aided 
greatly,  and  increased  my  confidence  much,  in  pushing  the  expedi- 
tion into  the  perils  of  Melville  Bay  at  that  early  period  of  a  very 
close  and  unfavorable  season.  At  both  Disco  and  Uperiiavik  the 
gtjvornors  informed  me  that  the  season  was  the  closest  and  severest 
for  thirty  years. 

In  their  behalf  I  am  ghid  to  say  that  their  appreciation  of  the  deso- 
late situation  of  Lieutenant  (Jreely  and  his  party  in  the  Arctic  regions 
inspired  them,  as  it  did  lis,  with  a  determination  to  assume  any  risk 
necessary  to  reach  the  imperiled  party.     If  the  expedition  had  met 


52 


OREELY  RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


witli  a('C'i(l(Mit  soniP  of  tlipso  noblo  mon  would  have  rofiohod  Gredy, 
thouKli,  iis  tlio  scqiu'l  hus  (Icnioiistrfitcd,  too  Into  to  have  savod  tlie 
few  survivor.s  we  hail  the  good  fortimo  to  roach  in  time. 

Cnuthuiing  onward  we  reached  th(>  land  ice  near  Saunders  Island 
aliout  U  a.  m..  June  ati,  and  hoth  sliips  were  secured  to  it  with  ice 
anchors.  On  account  of  a  very  Ioav  barometer.  •-.'!».  10  inches,  and 
strong  northerly  wind  then  blowing,  I  remained  at  this  point  until 
7.30  p.  m.  in  order  to  avoid  being  caught  in  a  more  exposed  position 
in  the  heavy  ice  tloes  south  of  it. 

Notwithstanding  this  low  barometer  the  weather  continued  fine. 
Another  move  was  made  towards  Conical  Rock  and  Cape  York.  Very 
heavy  ice  was  met  in  passing  Cape  Atliol  and  tlu?  Petowik  Glacier. 
Towards  midnight  of  the  samcs  <lay  the  wind  hauled  suddenly  to  the 
southwest  and  i)acked  the  ice  .so  densely  that  it  was  found  impossible 
to  reach  Conical  Rock.  Botli  ships  were,  therefore,  .secured  under 
the  lee  of  small  bergs.  Securing  this  ship  in  a  .strong  tideway  she 
collided  with  a  beT-g  and  lost  a  part  of  her  head  bo(jms. 

At  ;5.;K»  a.  m.,  June  27,  the  iceberg  to  whi<-h  tlie  Thetis  was  fast 
pivoted  r(jund  and  exposed  the  ship  to  very  heavy  floe  ice  driven  by 
wind  and  tide  up  Smith's  Sound. 

As  the  Bear  ai)peareil  to  bo  more  secure  under  the  lee  of  a  steadier 
berg  the  Thetis  steamed  over  and  sent  a  line  to  her  to  hold  on  by. 
The  wind  freshened  up  and  her  ice  anchors  slipped,  so  that  both 
ships  were  oljliged  to  keep  iindtM-  way  during  the  rest  of  the  night, 
holding  the  largest  open  water  space  available  until  a  favorable  lead 
opened  toward  Conical  Rock  about  4..'iO  a.  m.  Steaming  through 
this  lead  Interi)reter  Hans  Hansen,  Eskimo,  (jf  the  Bern-,  bounded 
over  the  rail  aiid  attempted  to  reacdi  the  Petowik  Glacier  by  cross- 
ing over  the  ice  floes.  After  an  exciting  race  to  cut  him  off  we  suc- 
ceeded in  capturing  him  an  hour  afterwards.  It  was  discovered  tliat 
he  was  somewhat  out  of  his  mind.  Ho  was  landed  and  discharged 
at  Upernavik  at  the  reqiiest  of  Governor  Elberg. 

Conical  Rock  was  reached  at  7  a.  m.,  and  botli  shijis  were  secured 
to  grounded  bergs  on  its  nortliside.  Orders  and  news  of  Lieutenant 
Greely's  rescue  were  left  for  Commander  Cothu  in  the  cairn  we  had 
built  in  going  north. 

By  9  a.  m.  the  weather  had  so  much  improved  that  both  ships  got 
under  way  and  .steamed  through  tortuous  leads,  ramming  tlieir  way 
in  a  number  of  instances  tlirough  the  pack  ice  nearly  up  to  Cape 
York,  when  dense  fog,  with  occasional  snow,  set  in. 

Abreast,  and  to  the  westward,  of  Cape  York  a  formidable  loo  bar- 
rier was  met,  which  forced  the  shi])s  to  the  westward  about  IS 
miles,  in  order  to  gain  more  advantageous  leads.  During  this  de- 
tour, in  foggy  weather  and  in  snow  sipialls,  it  was  often  almost  im- 
possible to  distinguish  leads,  but  after  some  hours  of  anxioi;s  work 


i, 


flHRKt.V   KHf-IKK-  RXl'EDITION. 


53 


wo  snoroodod  in  \v<.rkiiiK  our  way  buck  into  opoii  water  to  the  euHt- 
wanl  of  Cup.'  York,  m-ar  tim  linslinan  Isianils.     The  Thi'fi.H  (InriiiK 
tlu.  foK  bronwlit  n|)Holi<lly  at  10  p.  ni,  .ixHinHt  th.^  land  ic..  in  a  blKht 
and  ran  half  Ikt  longtli  on  to  thu  ic-n.  ' 

Ah  no  advantaK'o  wiih  to  Ix^Knint'd  by  scarchinK  for  favoral)I»<  l.Midg 
in  Huch  w.-ath.-r.  Ix.th  wbips  w.'ro  H<.cnr<Mi  i..  Ilioland  let'  to  await  the 
clcarinK  up.  HiirK.'on  (ir.'cn  roportod  to  im  that  Elison'H  montal 
condition  was  iinfavorabioaml  ^avK  him  .scrioiiH  apprclit'iisions. 

DuriiiK  th(uiiKht  tho  win<l  liaidcd  to  tho  .'astward,  thouKli  very 
li^ht.     Tlio  w.-ath.u-  cleaifd  Humci.'iiily  i)y  !)  ,i.  ni..  Juno  as,  to  on« 
able  UH  to  nee  open  water  to  tlicf  .southward  of  (,iir  iKwition  in  tim 
vieinity  of  tho  Kronnded  McClintock  b.^i^s,  wliich  li.- KoineJIO  mileH 
sniitheast  of  Cape  York.     Both  .ships  ^ot  under  way  and  Hteanu-d  to 
the  soiithwanl,  but  chaiiKiiiK  ti.lr  and  fre.sheninK  wind  from  south, 
ward  obliged  me  to  seeun!  both  ships,  at  I  p.  m.,  to  the  land  ire  bo- 
tween  two  enormous  icei)erKs  to  await  a  favoralde  opening  in  tho 
lee.     We  were  detained  at  this  point  until  r  a.  m.,  of  June  2!»,  before 
the  wind  Jiad  died  away  sufHciently  to  allow  the  ice  to  slaek.     Both 
ships  then  ^ot  under  way  and  were  driven  eastward  under  full  speed, 
m  (H-der  to  Kain  every  inch,  for  it  was  evident  that  unless  tho  utmost 
viKilance  was   nmintained,  to  take  advantage  of  every  favorable 
condition,  w.-shoiild  have  to  encmmter  the  .same  difficulties,  the  .same 
anxietie.s,  and  the  same  perils  in  recro.ssin^r  MelviHe  Bay  that  had 
been  encountered  in  working  north.     At  a  number  of  points  where 
It  was  im])ortant  to  In'eak  through  into  tho  open  water  along  the  land 
ice  the  ships  were  driven  at  high  sj.eed,  and  in  every  in.stance  suc- 
ceeded, tlumgh  it  (hMuanded  much  caution  to  avoid  serious  injury. 
At  11  J),  m.  we.  had  gained  a))oiit  HO  miles  to  the  eastward,  and,  find- 
ing all  leads  to  the  .sc^uthward  closed,  both  ships  were  secured  to  the 
laud  ice  in  a  narrow  canal  of  open  water,  which  the  closing  floes  had 
left  as  a  dock.     Before  Securing  them  for  the  night  it  was  attempted 
with  the  Thetis  to  ram  a  way  imt  at  full  si)eed,   l)ut  the  .ship  came 
up  solidly  as  against  a  wall  of  granite  and  knocked  down  every  one 
al)out  de(;ks.     I  Avas  m-arly  thrown  from  the  '"crow's  nest"  by  the 
shock.     Tho  ship   rebonnded    some  twenty  feet.     The  barrier  was 
found  to  be  im])assa))lt(. 

The  wind  being  light  from  the  westward  and  hauling  to  the  east- 
ward, at  ;i;i()  a.  m.,  June  ;t().  both  ships  got  under  way  again  and 
steamed  thnmgh  an  open  lead  for  a  distance  of  five  or  six  miles, 
passing  .scores  of  enormous  icebergs.  Some  heayier  ice  was  fallen 
in  with  and  both  ships  were  obliged,  at  intervals,  to  ram  their  way 
from  load  to  lead.  Working  thus  until  about  10  a.  m.,  amid  heavy 
floe  ic.Mind  pieces  of  ])rokeu  icebergs,  the  Thetis  was  beset  near  a 
cluster  of  icebergs.  Attempting  to  free  her  l)y  backing  to  gain  more 
room  to  charge  the  floes  ahead,  her  injured  rudder-head  was  twisted 


r»4 


(IKKKr.Y    KKI.IKK    KXI'RDITION. 


nil"  by  r..lIiHioii  with  siniillrr  llixs  clnsiiiK  in  iiMtcrn  of  tlic  ship. 
TliiH  rit'W  (Ihiiiii>;)>  whs  ri'p.'iii'i'il  in  hImuiI  Iavo  Iioiii's  I>,v  liii'iitcMUiit 
St'liH'tt,  iiml  ImiIIi  MliipH  foiitiiiiii'il  their  wiiy  to\viiriln  ihi'  Dt'vil'H 
'IMmiiil)  !iii(i  the  Sii;,'ur  Loaf  Moinitnin.  |)n)iiiiiii'iit  points  of  dcpurt- 
iii'i'  ill  ci'o.Hsin^?  Melville  IJny.  Neur  the  litlti'i'  point  the  .l/r'/7  uiiii 
//(((•//  (htnfl  vveie  liiileii  in  with  iiltuut,  7. -'lU  p.  in.,  henet  in  the  ice 
piiek.  The  'riivlifi  iind  lictir  liroUe  their  wny  npiinij  releii.sed  them. 
( InlcrH  weri' K'ven  ('onuninidei' ( 'oilin  ami  Knsi^Mi  ( 'hiiniliers.  of  tlie 
LiwU  (hiiiji,  to  folltiw  liie  Tint  is  iiml  lUdr.  in  line  ulieuil.  By  li 
p.  in.  .'ill  leads  III  the  south Wiinl  hiid  closed  np  under  the  intltieiiee 
(if  Ihe  Hood  tide  iind  a  soni  hei'ly  wind.  Dense  fo^  soon  olili^ed  till 
Vessels  ((»  come  lo  with  ice  anchors  to  a  hir^i'  i<'e  Hoc  to  await  clear- 
ing' weather. 

Commander  Collin  repoited  on  lioard  and  delivered  onr  mail,  lie 
informed  me  that  he  had  sailed  from  New  York  May  10,  and  had 
reju-hed  St.  .John's'  May  I'.i.  in  oliediem  i' to  tlie  following  onlers  : 

IT.  H.  H.  TiU'Tis, 
XiiV!l-Y,n>l.  Xnr  Vink:  .l/)ci7  :i(l.  IHHI. 

Km:  Till"  .l/crnM'itiKei"' <>!'  Iln'  vcHsclsur  llii'  (■x|M'ililiiiii  uf  isst  for  tlic  rrllff  uC 
liii'itli'iiniil  Oii'rly.  mI  l.:iily  Kriiiiklin  Buy.  yon  will  lake  mi  iMiiiril.  with  (he  iiliiuiHt 

(lis|iMt('li.  Ilie  sliircs  anil  ollii'i'  ri|iil|iiiii'iils  now  ri'iiily.  iiiiil  pi'oc Iwllli  lirr  iimli'i' 

yiiiii'  I'liiiiiiiaiul.  at  llii'  carlii'si  niniiii'iit  (■>  St.  .Inlni's.  Ni>wl'i)Uiiillaiiil.  Ilii'iiri'  li>  <  iml- 
liiivi'ii.  I'lH'i'Mavlk.  ami  l.illli'luii  Nlaiuls.  mi  (hi'  »i'r.|  cnast  nl  ( irri'iilaiiil. 

Yiiiir  ntay  at  St.  .Iiilin's  will  lie  liiniti'it  In  tlii'lliiii'  iii'i't'ssary  In  I'l'plan' the  ciiul 
nscil  In  inakiiiK  tln'  |iassa'.;i'.  aii.1  tn  ii'i'i'lvc  twii  iiuirMiil'  .seal-skin  li<H>tsanil  mii'  MIhi- 
Here  caprm't'acli  ihthiiii  on  iHiaril :  at  Ooilliiivcii  iiiul  lT|H<rnavil<  to  ('miinninlcato 
with  llic  Danish  authoritii'M  for  inl'onnatimi  as  to  the  inovi'iiii'MtH  of  the  advance 
vessels,  .•mil  to  pi'iH'iire  an  I'lsiininiaiix  inlerpreler.  whom  yon  will  prolialny  Ilinl 
awaiting  your  arrival.  Theme  ymi  will  priMceil  to  I  .iltlelnii  Islanil.  at  the  enlninee 
lo  Smith's  Soiiml,  loiieliiii)^  in  niiilf  at  ( 'oiiiral  Islaiiil.  ( 'ape  I'arry.  ami  ( 'ap.'  .\lex- 
amlei .  where  yon  will  Iiml  lainis  eieiteil  emil.iiiiini;;  inl'ormation  for  ymir  K"ii'i"l<'e. 

SliouM  you  iiml,  on  your  arrival  at  liittleton  IslamI,  wliieli  miKhl  to  he  almnt  the 
last  week  in  .Inne  (if  praetieahle).  the  Tliiiin  anil  livar  iilisent  lothe  north waril,  you 
willmxani/.e  a  sleilne  party,  conHistiiiK  of  at  least  ei;j;lil  ihthoiis,  with  provisions  for 
forty  or  fifty  days,  instrnetinn  tlieolilcer  in  charKi;  to  seareli  the  east  coast  of  Kane 
BiLsin  lo  the  vicinity  of  llnmlxililt  (ilacier.  for  information  regarilinij;  Lieutenant 
(ireely  or  any  of  his  party,  ami  to  return  liy  Septemlier  I.  at  the  latest. 

This  ilone  you  will  proreeil  with  the  Ali'ii  to  Kmiike  Kionl.  distant  some  4  or  ."• 
miles,  where  you  will  land  and  erect  the  house  provideil  at  New  York  for  the  jinr- 
jmse.  storing  in  it  all  Ihe  provisions  possilile.  leavin^c  in  your  vessel  only  enon^h  lo 
enable  you  to  reach  New  York  :  land  ahoiit  10  tons  of  coal,  and  place  in  cliart;e  of 
oneofticer  and  two  njcn,  fnrnishinn  them  with  three  nuns.  '^'.OIK)  rounds  of  ainuni- 
,tion,  one  whale Ikiat.  and  White's  steam  cutter,  fully  ei|uippeil. 

To  facilitate  the  eroctimi  of  the  house  drawings  will  lie  furnished  you.  in  which 
every  finiher  is  marked  and  sliowin^;  how  each  is  to  he  placed,  and  to  avoid  con-' 
fusion  you  will  confer,  to>;etlier  with  your  executive  oHiccr  and  I'arpeiilcr,  wilhlhe 
constructor  at  the  yard  for  explanation  of  the  same. 

At  Konike  Fiord  you  will  prolialily  tiiid  a  transport  coal  steamer  ;  from  lier  you 
will  take  what  coal  may  rcniiiin  of  the  ."lOO  Ions  carried  for  the  sliips  of  the  expedi- 
tion, iitU'V  landing  Ihe  Rl  tons  for  the  use  of  Ihe  lioiise. 


./ 


ORRKLV  RRI.IFF  EXPRPITION. 


55 


Tltis  Htpanier  will  have  on  l)oar(l  an  offlo(.r  am]  two  aenmon  of  the  Navy,  and  when 
ever  in  your  judgment  it  Hliall  ho  safest  to  do  so,  yon  will  order  lier  return  to  St. 
John's,  Newfoundland,  witli  dispateh,  sivint;  written  instructions  to  the  naval  offi- 
cer on  iHiard  to  re|)ort  his  arrival  at  that  port  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

DtiriuK  your  stay  at  Fovdke  Fiord,  which  should  continue  until  alxmt  S<'ptenil)er 
10,  you  will  kee|)  a  vigilant  lookout  to  t:..>  northwanl  for  signals  from  the  advance 
ships ;  should  nothing  1«^  ohserved  of  iliem  from  Littleton  Island  by  the  date  indi- 
cated, you  will  proceed  with  your  ship  to  (Vpe  Sahine  to  make  further  observations 
for  signal,-;,  thence  south  to  U|)(>rnavik  or  Disco,  stopping  at  Cape  Alexander,  Cape 
Parry,  and  C^ouical  Island  to  leave  record  of  yo>n-  movements. 

At  Upernavik  or  Disco,  as  may  te  most  f". .  .)ral)le,  you  will  remain  until  alx>ut 
Sei)tember  an  for  jjossible  news  from  the  advance  ships;  thence  you  will  proceetl  to 
St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  rejorting  your  arrival  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Nuvy,  and 
making  a  d(>tailed  report  of  all  that  concerns  your  doings  and  those  of  the  ativance 
8hii)s,  so  far  as  they  may  he  known  to  you. 

The  region  over  whidi  you  are  to  pass  after  leaving  the  latitude  of  Caye  Farewell 
is  not  accurately  surveyed,  so  that  its  safe  navigation  will  dejiend  much  -ipon  your 
.iudgnu'ut  and  vigilance  ;  should  your  cruise,  therefore,  enable  you  to  add  to  the 
accuracy  of  the  charts,  or  to  iniTease  our  information  as  to  its  hydrography,  it  is 
desired  that  you  will  avail  yom-self  of  all  opi)ortunity  for  doing  so. 

From  the  outset  of  your  cruise  you  will  maintain  the  strictest  vigilance  over  the 
navigation  of  yom-  sliip,  and  yoti  will  prescril)e  such  insjiections  of  her,  day  and 
night,  as  will  guard  iigainst  casualty  from  fire.  When  the  region  of  ise  shall  have 
l)een  reached,  \()u  will  keep  at  lea.st  sixty  days'  rations  where  they  can  be  most 
ea-sily  reached  in  the  event  of  a  nip  or  the  abandonment  of  the  ship. 

"Fire  ipiarters"  and  '•abandoning  ship"  will  lie  your  only  exercises  and  they 
will  lie  freiiuently  practiced  :  the  rublier  knapsack  provided  must  lie  kept  packed 
with  a  complete  shift  of  clothes  and  kept  banging  in  the  quarters  of  officers  and 
men.  so  as  to  l)e  easily  reached  in  case  of  emerg(>ncy. 

It  is  hoped  that  your  de|)arture  from  New  York  will  not  be  later  than  May  10,  in 
order  that  you  may  reach  I,ittletoii  Island  not  later  than  June  a."),  to  carry  out  the 
instructions  directed  at  that  point  and  at  Foulke  Fiord. 

Should  you  leave  the  jiarty  at  the  depot  to  be  established  at  the  latter  place,  you 
will  direct  them  to  set  up  the  instruments  sent  you  by  the  Chief  Signal  Officer  of 
the  Army  and  to  make  the  observations  recpiestt'd  by  him,  to  Ihj  retarded  on  the 
forms  transmitted  with  the  instruments. 

The  signals  from  the  advance  sbii)s  will  be  by  beliographi(!  instruments,  and  the 
code  used  in  the  Army  known  a.s  '•  Meyer's  .system"  will  1h>  followed. 

Direct  the  surgeon  of  your  vessel  to  tak<>  charge  of  the  exix'nditure  and  account 
of  all  irt-ovisions  and  clothing  in  accordance  with  established  forms,  and  dirt>Ot  him 
to  make  out  a  daily  bill  of  fare  for  ofticers  and  men. 

Use  i he  strictest  economy  in  the  ('XiH-nditine  of  coal  and  direct  your  chief  en- 
gineer to  weigh  accurately,  each  day,  the  amount  used  by  the  engine  and  by  the 
stoves. 

Money  will  Im-  furnished  you  before  leaving  New  Y.)rk  to  defray  necessary  ex- 
penses after  sailing  :  in  all  expenditures  of  it  you  will  execute  triplicate  vouchers, 
forwarding  originals  and  duplicates  from  St.  John's  to  the  paymaster  of  the  Co 'i  r  ido 
at  New  York,  and  retain  the  triplicates  on  iMiard.  The  commex'ial  co<le  of  signals 
will  be  used,  instead  of  tlie  Navy  code,  in  all  (lag  signals  k'tween  the  ships:  for  dis- 
tant signaling  the  heliograi)hic  signals  will  Ih'  used. 

Hefore  leaving  New  York  and  St.  John's  you  will  institute  a  strict  medical  ex- 
amination v  your  crew,  and  any  men  found  dis(|nalified  will  1m>  returned  to  the 
receiving  ship  Co'  nidi). 

Transuiit  a  complete  inu.ster-roll  of  your  crew.  l)efore  sailing,  to  the  Bureau  of 


56 


(IREELY   KELIKK   KXI'EDfTIOX, 


Kquipincnt  and  UecuitiiiK,  and  a  list  ol  your  olliccis  to  the  nuicau  of  Navigation  ; 
n'port  also  any  clianni's  wliicli  may  take  i)la(;c  in  fitlicr  at  St.  John's. 

Wishing;  you  a  pli'asant  iTuiHi',  I  am, 

Very  ivs|)octl'ully,  your  ol)t'ili('nt  st-rvant, 

^V.  S.  SCHLKY,  Cmniiiiiih;;  Tl  S!.  A'., 
CoiiuiiKiKliiKj  Omiij  Rclitf  h\rpiilitio)i. 
Connuandcr  OKomn'",  W.  CokI'^IN, 

CoiiunaiuUiKj  I'.  S.  S.  Alrrf. 

Gredij  Relief  Kejiedititm. 

* 

Ho  liiid  stowed  oil  till!  spur  deck  of  llio  .l/r/7  tlio  two  Jiousps  in- 
t(!ii(l('(l  ;is  winti'v  (|ii!ift(M',s  lit  h'l )iilkc  Kionl.  wIumv  it  wjis  iiitciulcd  to 
luiuiitiiiii  ;isiipi)lyor.ston's  upon  wliicli  to  I'iill  hjick  ilMisastcrslKnild 
ovortuk(!  tlio  iidviinco  .sliips.  Of  jji'ovisioii.s  and  clotliiiio-  lie  liad  ii 
I'nll  iwo  years'  siii)ply. 

The  .!/('/•/  sailed  iVoni  St.  Jolin's  Jfay  •.'•.',  and  ivaclicd  (Jodliavon 
.Innc  '■,.  liavinj^^  fallen  in  witli  dfil't  and  floe  ice  near  tho  latitude  of 
Cape  Farewell.  Dnrin,-'  this  passa.i-v  she  had  tlie  usual  bad  weather 
of  file  iiifiher  latitudes,  hut,  was  not  delayed  hy  the  icv.  until  within 
4  or  ,")  miles  of  (Jodliaven,  wlioro  it  was  met  too  thick  to  yield  to  her 
jioor  ramminn'  jxiwer. 

While  at  Disco  Coininander  Collin  took  on  hoard  twenty-five  Es- 
quimaux dons,  pui'chasi'd  hy  the  lnsp(.ctor  in  ;i('cordance  with  Lien- 
tenant  (iarliuH'ton's  order,  and  enKa,i;vd  lor  the  cruise  Nils  Jensen,  as 
doo;  driver. 

While  at  (iodhaven  the  .  |/c/7".s'  crew  wei'e  ex(>rcised  at  "aliandon- 
inu;  ship:"  on  such  occasions  every  per.son  was  lauded  on  Uw  ice  and 
her  hoatshauled  out  with  thirty  days'  provisions.  Practice  was  also 
had  with  torpedoes  .and  ice  tools  durinj;-  the  necessary  delay  in  this 
|iort  until  June  '.),  when  she  ^-ot  under  way  for  Upernavik.  Findini,' 
the  drift  ice  from  VVait;;it  Straits  had  clcsed  the  land  water  for  ii 
distance  of  r>  or  l.'i  miles  olf-shore.  the  ,f/cr/ Avas  ohlij^ed  fo  hatth* 
for  live  hours  with  it  to  g'ain  o])eii  water. 

Kroni  Disco  to  Tpernavik  the  Jlcrf  had  much  the  same  weatlu^r 
and  experience  as  the  Thcli.s  and  llcdr.  Her  way  was  throiij^'h  dau- 
H'erous  leads  ;ind  past  heavy  icelierns:  the  dilliculty  of  the  ordiuaiy 
navifi'jition  of  this  I'ci^ion  was  increased  l)y  fo^s  and  snow  storms. 
Some  slin'ht  changes  in  the  ice  yaA'c  her  the  choice  of  a  r<iute  closer 
tothelan<l  lieyond  Omenak  Fiord.  She  ai'rived  at  Tjiernavik  near 
midnight  June  l.'i. 

The  Loch  (I'diri/  was  t'ound  iit  CpernaA'ik  av.-nting  the  arrival  of 
die  Alert,  hut  as  she  was  a  simple  iron  vessel  not  titted  for  navii;;iting 
in  lieavy  ice  Commander  Collin  was  ohligeil  to  delay  his  depai'ture 
until  the  conditions  of  fli(>  ice  north  were  more  favorahle  to  the  col- 
lier's safe  |)assage. 

The  delay  at  Upernavik  enahled  the  .lU-rt  to  till  her  hunkers  and 
to  take  aquautity  of  coal  on  her  deck  as  a  jirecautioii  against  disaster 


OKEELY   RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


57 


to  the  collier.     Commander  Coffin  would  have  been  able  to  leave 

from  his  ship  a  full  aiuount  at  Foulko  Fiord  witli  tlie  house. 

The  Alert  and  Loch  (hinn  sailed  from  Upcrnavik  June  10,  meet- 
ing with  much  difficulty  from  heavy  ice,  but  succeeded  in  reaching 
the  Berry  Islands,  wliere  all  leads  had  closed.  The  larger  floes  and 
heavier  ice  obliged  them  to  come  to  with  ice  ancliors  to  await  a  move- 
ment of  the  ice.  June  M  a  southwest  gale  sprang  up  and  made  it 
advisable  to  cut  a  dock  for  the  Lock  Garry  after  the  plan  of  that  de- 
scribed by  Commander  Markham. 

Two  hours  finished  the  work  and  the  docking  of  the  ships.  The 
ice  was  about  4  feet  thick. 

The  gale  ceased  June  25,  and  both  ships  took  advantage  of  the  oji- 
portunity  to  work  north,  following  the  insh()r(>  leads  jjiist  Horse's 
Head,  Cape  Sliackclton,  Baffin  and  Duck  Islands  until  up  witli  the 
Sugar  Loaf,  where  solid  ice  again  stop])ed  them.  During  the  20th 
and  27th  the  .4/^?'f  worked  continuously  day  and  night  to  gain  only 
H  miles.  She  readied  latitude  74°  30'  N.,  and  was  within  the  dan- 
gerous navigation  of  Melville  Bay. 

At  this  point  the  Thetis  and  Bear,  returning  across  Melville  Bay, 
came  up  with  the  Alert  and  Loch  Garry.  Their  movements  from 
this  point  to  Upernavik  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  Thetis  and  Hear. 
The  Alert  having  so  much  less  engine  power  than  either  of  the 
other  ships,  Commander  Coffin  was  obliged  to  resort  to  docks  to  avoid 
nips,  or  to  torpedoes  to  open  the  ice,  or  to  leave  it  when  beset.  Such 
difficulties  were  usually  rammed  by  tlie  Thetis  and  Bear,  with  their 
greater  power.  Commander  Coffin  was  obliged  to  move  with  greater 
caution  on  a(;couut  of  tins  Loch  Garrt/,  and  was  forced  on  several  oc- 
casions to  return,  after  passing  into  leads,  to  free  the  collier  wlu^u 
caught  by  rapidly  closing  floes.  This  occasioned  him  much  anxiety 
and  was  a  cause  of  much  delay. 

Considering  the  thickness  of  the  ice  at  the  point  where  we  found 
him,  I  was  surprised  that  Commander  Coffin  had  advanced  so  far. 
Tlie  excellent  judgment  he  displayed  in  reaching  so  advanced  a  posi- 
tion at  such  an  early  period  of  a  close  season,  delayed  as  he  was  by 
the  collier,  deserves  nuich  commendation. 

On  the  morning  of  July  1  the  ships  got  under  way,  77/ e^i.s  leadiug. 
Loch  Garry  following;  the  Bear  and  Alert  in  line  astern,  to  folh)w 
a  lead  inshore  which  appeared  to  extend,  after  considerable  winding, 
as  far  as  Duck  Islands.  Numerous  icebergs  were  lying  in  our  way, 
so  close  to  each  other  that  passage  between  them  was  somewhat  diffi- 
cult and  dangtn-ous  in  fine  Aventher,  but  as  a  dense  fog  shut  down  on 
us  while  working  past  tlieni  the  speed  of  the  vessels  was  reduced  to 
about  ll  knots,  and  fog  signals  were  soimded  frequently  to  indicate 
position.  Feeling  our  way  through  this  danger,  the  ships  often  got 
into  close  proximity  to  icebergs  of  great  size  before  discovering  them. 


ORKEf^Y    REI.IKK   KXrEDITKlN. 


but  later  in  Um'  niDrniiig  the  s(]u,i(li'(>ii  ciiiiic  up  to  the  edge  of  a  large 
flot)  iiiul  were  secured  to  it  with  ice  aneliors  to  await  clearing  weather. 

By  4  ]).  m.  the  wind  shifted  totlic  eastward  and  the  fog  lifted.  All 
conditions  being  favoi'atile  (lie  ships  got  under  way  in  line,  Thetis 
loading,  the  Hear  following  to  break  through  into  leads  toward  the 
Duck  Islands.  Near  these  islands  the  .l/c/'/ and  IaxIi  (iarri/  were 
caught  by  the  floes  closing  up  raj)idly  after  the  'I'licfis  and  liccn-  had 
passed  through.  It  was  necessary,  therefore,  to  refurn  several  times 
with  the  Tlicti.s  and  Bcdr  to  break  again  the  fl()((  ice  in  order  to  re- 
lease the  other  vessels. 

These  dilHculties-  overcome,  the  exp(>dition  continued  .southward, 
with  occasional  interruptions,  past  tin*  Ballin  Islands,  Cape  Shack- 
elton.  Horse's  Head,  and  the  Wedge  Islands  olV  Tassuisak.  In  the 
latter  vicinity  considerabh;  floe  ice  was  met,  that  gave  som*!  trouble 
to  work  through.  Its  character  was  found  much  changed,  however: 
the  floe  pie(!es  were  smaller  and  the  toughness  exj)ei'ienci'(l  when 
going  north,  a  few  weeks  earlier,  had  disap])eared  to  a  great  extent; 
allot  ityiehled  to  ramming.  At',*  a.  m.,  Jidy  ;.',  the  ships  had  reached 
the  vicinity  of  the  Berry  Islands. 

As  we  were  approaching  a  region  whei'e  hid<len  dangers  abounded, 
signal  was  made  to  the  shi[)s  to  reduce  speed  to  ^  knots  per  hour  and 
to  station  extra  lookouts  for  rocks,  and  to  follow  in  wake  (>{  the  Tlicti.s. 
To  avoid  these  dangers  the  coniniauding  ollicers  were  piloting  from 
the  "crows'  nests;"  the  olbcei's  of  the  deck  kei)t  their  watch  in  the 
tops,  and  hxjkouts  Avere  stationed  on  the  jib-boom  ends. 

Aboiit  the  Berry  Islands,  a  very  dangerous  region  of  this  coast,  the 
ice  was  found  jammed  in  against  the  land,  leaving  a  narrow  lead 
among  the  rocks  off  the  island.  The  Tlictifi  and  the  Loch  Garry 
avoided  all  dangers;  the  Bear  (following  nearly  as  possible  in  their 
wak(*)  ran  upon  a  sunken  rock,  striking  on  her  keel.  She  hung  for 
a  half  hour,  until  pulled  off  by  the  Alert  and  Thetin  about  4  a.  m. 
Thei?cfN'  sustained  but  little  injury;her  usual  leak  was  not  increased. 
Her  commanding  and  other  ollicers  were  constantly  mentioned  for 
their  vigilance  and  care  of  the  ship.  The  grounding  on  this  last  occa- 
sion C(mld  not  be  attributed  to  any  lack  of  watchfulness.  The  rock 
lay  fifteen  feet  under  water  and  nuist  have  been  passed  very  "close 
to  "  by  the  Thcti.s.  From  this  })oint  to  Upernavik  there  are  numerou,s 
unknown  rocks;  to  avoid  them  we  maintained  con.staut  watchfulness 
and  slow  speed.  This  whole  coast  is  unknown  and  illy  surveyed;  the 
.S7nall  scale  of  the  charts  Ave  had  did  not  pei'mit  one-half  the  rocks 
which  abound  th(^re  to  be  ]»lace(l  on  them. 

Reaching  the  Brown  Islands,  north  of  Upernavik,  signal  Avas  made 
to  the  Alert  to  i)rocee(l  to  Disco  Avitb  the  Loch  fJarri/  under  convoy, 
and  to  aAvait  ther(!  the  arrival  of  the  77*c//.s  and  Bear;  during  the 
interA'al  to  trejisfer  the  houses  from  htu'  deck  to  the  Loch  (hirrij  for 
transportation  t,<j  St.  John's. 


(IRKRIiY    RKMRF   EXPRDITION.  59 

The  ThctiH  aiul  /^vn-continuod  on  to  U[)flnmvik  and  arrived  tliere 
iiliKut,  10  a.  ni.,.Iiily  2.  aiicliorinK  in  tlie  outttr  liarlior.  Tlie  Rmr, 
needing,' Tnostcoal,  took  on  hoard  llic  do  Ions  iandrd  from  tlic  fAH-h 
(Uinii.  DiiriiiK  my  stay  a  strong  khIc  sprung  wyt  from  Houtliwest, 
driving  l)ot]i  siiips  from  their  moorinRH;  much  anxiety  and  trouldo 
was  oocasioned  to  secure  thein  in  thi^  deep  water  and  had  anclioraj,'e 
oi"  the  outer  jxa't.  TIk^  Danish  iiarl)or  heing  filled  witli  icel)erKs  was 
inaccessilde.  During  the  galit  tiie  Thi'ti.s  was  secured  to  u  grounded 
ic(dierg.  wliich  hiter  in  the  day  capsized.  In  hringing  hvv  up  shi'  h)st 
an  anchor  and  tliirty  I'atlionis  of  duiin  in  water  too  deep  to  allow 
^•weeping  for  it.  The  Hear  was  driven  from  her  moorings  and  was 
exposed  to  imminent  peril.  Slu!  was(!xtricat(id  hy  groat.skil]  and  good 
Heanumsliip  of  lier  c«»mniaiiding  oHicer. 

At  the  request  of  (Jovernor  .Ell)erg,  of  Upernavik,  Hans  Han.sen, 
dog  driver  of  the  Hear,  was  ])aid  off,  discluirged,  and  landed  at  tliat 
place.  Most  of  the  dogs  of  the  Thcfin  ww.  Iand(«l  at  Upernavik,  a.s 
they  coidd  not  live  in  the  wanner  climate  of  the  United  States. 

The  limr  having  finisluMl  coaling  l)y  (!  j).  m.,  of  July  .1,  hoth  ships 
got  under  way  for  Disco.  Standing  out  the  harlx.r  the  shijis  were 
.saluted  l)y  Governor  Elherg.  Having  no  guns  on  Ijoard  we  returned 
it  hy  dipping  colors  and  sounding  whistles. 

Following  a  route  indicated  hy  the  governor  to  l)e  clear  of  dangei's 
the  7V(c//.v  touclied  a  rock  ;  her  speed  wa.s  so  slow  at  the  time  tluit 
she  sustaincMl  no  injury. 

Clearing  this  harhor,  course  was  sliaped  for  Disco,  in  a  wide  lead  of 
watcM-  (>xteiiding  well  oll'-shore  From  Svarten  Huk  south  occasional 
fh)e  ice  was  met.  with  numerous  iinhe(hled  icehergs ;  their  numher 
had  not  diminished  since  our  pas.sage  north,  hut  lliey  were  easily 
avoi(h'd  in  the  clear  weatlua-  we  had  going  soutli. 

The  ships  passed  from  djingerous  ice  regions  on  July  2.  From  the 
time  of  ent(M'ing  (May  1!))  until  we  left  the  ice  there  was  not  a 
moment  when  the  .sliips  wer(>  out  of  danger.  Tlie  most  unceasing 
vigilance  was  necessary  to  avoid  damage,  or  to  take  advantage  of 
opening  leads  to  advance. 

Mucli  of  my  time,  as  well  as  that  of  the  energetic  comnumders  of 
the  otJier  ships,  was  spent  in  tin*  "crows'  nests;"  in  uiany  instances 
we  parsed  sixteen  to  twenty  liours  in  them  on  tlu^  lookout," or  in  navi- 
gating leads.  The  anxiety  and' great  responsilnlity  of  this  period 
cannot  he  un(h'rstood  properly  without  experience  in  these  danger- 
ous regions.  The  lahor  and  anxiety  wouhl  almost  hreak  one  down, 
hut  it  was  nev(>r  forgott(>n  that  CIreely  and  his  party  wcu'e  in  pi'ril. 
The  confidence  of  our  countrymen,  the  rememhranc^e  of  their  God- 
speed, and  the  interest  you  took  in  the  expedition  enccmraged  us 
when  (lifricullies  increased.  The  struggle  with  ice  from  IJ  to  7  feet 
thick  was  constant  and  furious  for  i.:!00  miles  to  rejich  and  rescue 


60 


(IKKKLV    ItKUKIi'   RX  I'KDITIOV. 


tlin  Hurvivdrs  of  tlir   l^uily  Kiimkliii    Uny   Kxpcililidn  mid  ti>  ln'iiig 
till')))  hmiK'. 

At'tur  iiussiiiK  tint  WiiiKiit  StmitH  I  lie  wiinl.  wliicli  liiul  Imm-m  ikhIIi- 
orly,  liuiilt'd  to  Hoiit Invest  iiml  irn  rcjiscd  on  July  I  ion  iiinclcnitt' j,'iili», 
wifli  snow  (luring;  iiiosl  of  llic  duy. 

At  I".'  Ill,  till'  iititioiial  colors  were  dis|ilay('d  iit  tin'  |i('iil<  mid  iiiiist- 
1h'H(1  of  hotli  sliijis  I'or  one  hour  in  cclclinition  of  oiir  liidfiirndcncH 
Duy. 

Wo  rcHclicil  (lodlmvcn  lit  ;t.;ir>  n.  ni,  .Inly  T),  and  t'onnd  tlir  llfrt 
and  Locli  (hirrii  in  [Mirt.  Tlic  latter  vessel  was  hauled  Hl(tnj,'side  the 
TIu'Hk,  and  altoiit  'n  tons  of  coal  were  hoisted  on  lioard.  A  similar 
anioiint.  was  taken  hy  the  liciir.  Soon  al'ter  oiir  arrival  Snrjifeon 
(JretMi  rt<i)ort(Ml  that  Kllison's  condition  was  extremely  criticiil,  mid 
that  his  only  clianci^  lay  in  amputation  of  his  frozen  limlis.  which 
was  soon  after  iierfornied.  His  system  heins;- too  niiicli  de|)leted  hy 
exposure  and  hardships  of  the  three  jiast  years,  he  died  at  .'(..'Ki  a.  in. 
of  the  Hth.  apparently  without  siilVeriiiu;, 

The  rudder  of  the  7V/c//.s.  whicii  had  been  (lama|;;ed  in  the  ice 
crossinj^  Melville  Hay,  was  unshipped  and  the  spare  rudder  siiiuiped 
in  two  lioiirs.     Its  condition  was  too  uncertain  to  venture  (aitside. 

The  civil  a,iitliorilies  wei'e  called  upon  and  their  views  reipiesteil 
ns  to  the  disposition  of  the  remains  of  Frederick  ('hristiuii.seii,  Es- 
kimo, one  of  the  Lady  Franklin  May  Kxiieditioii.  who  pei'islied  at 
(,'aiie  iSal)iiie.  Inspector  Amlerson  ollicially  requested  the  luirial  of 
tlm  veiuaiiis  in  their  cemetery  at  (Jodhaven.  The  hody  heiii^  on 
board  th(<  Hear.  Lieutenant  Kmory  was  directed  to  have  a  casket 
mad(^  for  the  remains.  At  .'I  p,  m.  .Inly  7  the  remains  were  landed 
and  conveyed  t.<)  tiie  little  cliapel  by  si.\  seamen  of  tho  77/<7/.s'.  Hear, 
and  Alert,  and  followed  liy  nine  (tHicers  and  sixteen  men.  The  re- 
mains were  receive<l  liy  tin,'  inspector  and  j^oNcrnor  at  the  cliapel; 
.services  were  performed  over  them  hy  a  native  minister,  after  which 
they  were  cai'ried  to  their  litth^  cemetery  and  laid  away  in  peace  for- 
ever. 

During  our  stay  in  Oreenland  we  were  assisted  in  every  way  hy 
the  inspector  of  North  (Ireeiilaiid  ami  the  j^overnors  of  Oodhaven. 
UpernaA-ik,  and  Tassnisak,  These  geiillemeii  wei'i-  nnremittiiLg  in 
their  politeness  and  assistance  to  the  exjiedition.  Insjiector  Ander- 
son informed  nit!  that  the  detention  of  the  Danish  supply  vessel  be- 
yond her  usual  time  of  arrival  had  reduced  their  snjijily  of  food  .s(j 
much  that  he  was  afraid  they  would  be  in  want  before  her  arrival. 
Under  thes(!  circumstaiK'es  1  directed  Lieutenant  Emory  to  land 
some  two  hundred  rations  of  bread,  meat,  and  soiijis. 

The  eufjfine  of  the  Ali'if  needing  some  rejiairs.  the  expedition  was 
detained  at  (rodhaven  until  (i.lio  a.  ni.  Jidy  !i,  when  we  sailed  for 
St.  John's,  th«^  .l/c/7  in  tow  of  the  Lmh  (iarrif. 

Excellent  weather  was  experienred,  and   but  little  i(  e  was  fallen 


OKEEI.V   IIKt.IEF   KXI'Kr>ITI()N. 


fll 


ill  witli  f.u-  Movoiiil  <liiyH.  hilt  wlu'ii  111  till  vhiiiify  ,,r  t]ii<  Funk  TnI- 
HlidM,  im  thu  VAuiHi  nf  LHl,ni.l(.r,  iiuilli  of  Ht.  JoliiiV,  a  fiv.sli  HuullfuNt 
KhIo  Mi.niiiK  lip  mill  cuiitiiiiuMl  (luriiiK  tlio  iii«)it  of  July  |fl,  with  thick 
liiK  mill  (|iiit<'  a  liciivy  hi'h. 

TliM  /,o(7(  (J, inn  liilii.i-(.(l    o  imicli  durinj,'  tlio  nioniiiiK  with  the 

m<r...isiriK  hcu,  slii'  ih.s1  oM'  tiui  Ah-rt  mid  took  poNitimi  anti-ra  of 

7'/*«//.v,  Mix  (•11I.I...S  (listiuit  ;  tlu.  ..thi.i-  ,s|ii|,H  kci.piiiK  in  i««iti<.ii  ..u 

Htiirlinivrd  und  |Mirt  (|iiiii(i'rH,  tlircn  ciililfM  dlHtiiiit. 

Til.'  wiiirj  mid  Hii  iiKTfiiscd  vi-ry  much  dining  the  nlKht,  and  our 

I'Msilj,,!,  uiidtT  thcsu  circuiiistaiicfs  hcin^  h. wliai  nearer  to  (!„» 

Fmik  IslaiidM  than  was  prudent,  (lie  course  was  chaiiK'ed  more  uir. 
Hhoreand  sped  riMluced  tu  two  knots,  to  enahio  tlie  J/rW  to  main- 
tain  her  position.  At  •.'.:{()  a.  m.  her  IIkIiIs  were  lost  si^lit  of  in  tlm 
thick  Cok;  when  daylight  came,  nothing  could  he  seen  of  her.  Tim 
three  ships  stood  on  under  low  sf.eed  for  (he  apj.ointod  reiidezvouH, 
Sir.  miles  northeast  of  Cape  Spear,  hut.  (hick  weather  continiiiiiK.  it 
Wtt8d..ein..(l  UHehmH  to  remain  tli.M-o;  accordingly,  course  was  shaped 
forSt,  John's,  where  the  '/'AcZ/.v,  / fni, ;  un<\  Lovh  f/a/-/-// arrived  at 
1<  a,  m.  July  17.     The  i'ullowiiiK  telegram  was  .sent  to  you  : 

(Ti'li'Krinii.l 

i:c....  w.  K.  rHANi.,..i,.  ""''■  •''•'"''«•  N-  V.,Jnlu  17,  im. 

Siviilniji  „f  II,,'  Xiiri/.  W'liHhhmtitii,  I).  ('. 
Th,(is.  Ii,,„:  anil  /,,«•/,  (Uirni  uiiiv..<l  here  to-diiy  frniii  Wont (lifciilaiiil. all  w«ll 

HriMinit.Ml  111  giilc  from  .l/c(7y(.Ht..|-.la.v  I.V>mil..s  iKiHli.     At  Id  p   in   .Jiii •   flvi. 

liilIrN  w..Kt.)f  CaiM.  .Saliin...  In  Hnntli'M.S,,iin.l,  Thvfh  „n^l  li,;iv  nsni,.,!  nlivc  [jcnt 
A.  W.  (ir....|y,  H..rK..uiit  Uraiiianl.  ,S..,K.'ai.t  Fiv,l..||.kH,  S..,K..aii(   I>,iik.  Hospital 
HCwiinl  Hi..nl..rl.u|<.  S..iK..aiit   Klis..!,,  aii.l  I'livutc  CnniiHI.  the  ..iilv  HiavivorH  ..f 
till'  l^idy  yriiiikliii  Ha.v  lv\|icili(i(.ii. 

S,.iK.'ant  Kli.s..ii  Im.l  l.ist  Ih.II,  lianilH  and  feet  l..v  fiont  bite  aiul  died  at  (iedlmvcii 
July  M,  thiv..  diiyHiifl.T  anipiitatic.n.  which  had  Ixr.mio  iniptTativo.  .Seventeen  of 
the  twent.v-tive  peiHons  eoiniH.siiiK  tlie  expedition  peiMHlied  l.v  ntarvation  at  tho 
point  wheiv  found:  one  wiw  drowned  while  seulinn  to  pr.K'ure  food;  twelve  lH«li,.s 

of  the  dead  were  r. vered  and  are  now  on  hoard  T/hZ/.s  anil  n,,„:     One  KHkiino 

Fivderii'k.  was  hiiri.'d  at  Disco,  in  accordance  with  (h'sire  of  the  ins|Hetor  of  North 
(Jivenlanil.  Five  l«,dies  huried  in  ice-foot  near  the  caini)  were  swept  away  to  sea 
by  winds  and  currents  U'fore  my  arrival  and  could  not  Ik.  recovered.  Names  of 
dea.l  rcovered,  with  ihite  of  (h.atli,  follows :  Sergeant  Cross.  January  IH  IM84  • 
Frederick.  Eskimo,  April  r,;  HeiKeant  I.inii.  A,.ril  0;  Lieutenant  Ix.ckwood,  April 
«:  Hei-Kcant  J.^well.  April  Vi-  Private  Ellis,  May  10;  SerKcnnt  Kalston,  May  2;t;  IVi- 
vate  Whisler.  May  •,'(;  .SerKcant  Israel,  May  37;  Lieutenant  Kislinghury,  Juno  1- 
Private  Henry,  June  0;  Private  Schneider.  Jun(>  18.  Names  of  dead  l.urie.l  in  the  ice- 
foot, with  date  of  d.'atli  whose  l)odies  were  not  recovered,  follows:  Serjeant  Itice 
April  !),  ISSI;  ( 'orponil  S:,lor,  June  :i:  Private  H,.nder,  .Tune  (i:  A.^tiiiR  Assistant  Sur- 

« >  ''"^■>'  "^"'"' ";  «f'Wiint  ( Jardiner,  June  l',';  drowned  l.v  IneakinK  through  newly 

lormed  ic.>,  while  sealing,  .Jens  Edwards,  Eskimo.  Aprd  34.  I  would  urgently  sug- 
gest that  iHKlies  now  on  hoard  Im'  placed  in  metallic  cases  here  for  safer  and  better 
transportation  in  a  sea-way  :  this  apjiears  to  me  imperative. 

Greely  abandoned  Fort  Conger  August  9,  lS8:i,  reached  Baird  Inlet  Septeml^r 
20,  following,  with  party  all  v.  ell.     Abandoneil  all  liis  boats  and  was  adrift  for  thirty 


-•\ 


G2 


(iKEELY   KELIEK  EXPEDITION. 


(lays  (HI  ict!  (1(X' in  Sniilh's  Sound.    His  permanent  eamp  was  estalilifilieil  October 
2\,  IH8il,  ft  point  where  iie  waH  found. 

During  nine  niontliH  this  jiartv  liad  to  live  u))On  a  scant  allowmoeof  food  lu-ouglit 
from  I'ort  ("onger;  Uiat  caclied  at  I'ayer  lfarl)or  and  Cape  Iwil)ellu  )iy  Sir  tieorgo 
Niires  in  1875,  Init  found  nnieli  damaged  l)y  lapse  of  time  ;  that  caelied  hy  Beel«'  at 
t'apo  Sabine  in  188'-2,  and  iln.  small  amount  saved  from  tlie  wreck  of  I'rolius  in 
1H83,  and  landed  by  Lieutenants  Oarliiigton  and  C'ohvell  on  beach  where  Greely's 
party  was  found  camped,  When  tliese  provisions  were  consi:jned  the  iiarty  was 
forced  to  live  upon  boiled  yeul-skin  strips  c\it  from  tlieir  seal-skin  elotliing,  lichens 
and  shrimps  in-ocmed  in  good  weatbi-r  when  they  were  strong  enough  to  uiakeexer- 
tion.  As  l.!!0()  slirimii::  were  reijuired  to  lill  a  gill  measure,  the  labor  was  too  ex- 
hausting to  de|ieiul  uiion  thi'm  to  sustain  liie  entirely. 

Cliamiel  lietween  tape  Sabine  and  Littleton  Island  did  not  close,  on  account  of 
violent  gales,  all  winter,  so  that  :.'4()  rations  at  latter  p<iint  luuld  not  be  reached. 
All  (ireely"s  records  and  all  instruments  brought  by  him  from  Fort  Conger  are  re- 
covere(l  and  ou  Ixiard. 

From  Hare  Island  to  Smith's  Sound  I  had  a  constant  and  furious  struggle  witli 
ice.  Impa.ssable  Hoes  and  .solid  barriers  were  overcome  by  watchfulness  and  i)a- 
ticnce,  no  opportunity  to  a<lvance  a  mile  escaped  me,  and  for  several  hundred  miles 
the  ships  were  forced  to  ram  their  way  fro  a  b  ad  to  had  through  ic;  ranging  in 
tbickne  s  from  three  to  seven  feet,  and  where  rafted  nuich  greater. 

77((7/.s  and  Jl('<ir  reached  ('ape  ^'ork  ,Jnne  18,  after  jiassage  of  twenty-one  days 
n  Melville  Hay,  with  two  advance  ships  of  the  Dundee  whaling  fleet,  and  eoiitiiuied 
to  t 'ape  Sabine.  Returning  seven  ilays  later  fell  in  with  seven  others  of  the  fleet 
oir  Wolstenbolm  Ishmd  and  aimounced  Greely's  rescue  to  them,  that  they  might 
not  be<lelayed  from  their  fishing  grounds  nor  be  templed  into  the  ilangeracjf  Smith's 
Sound  in  view  of  the  reward  of  .'?■.'."). 0(10  oli'cred  liy  Cimgre.ss. 

Returning  across  'Melville  Hay  fell  in  with  the  Alirl  and  f.nrli  (larfii  olV  Devil's 
Thund),  struggling  through  heavy  ice,  Connnandcr  Collin  ilid  ailmirably  to  g(  t 
along  so  far  with  transport  in  the  season  before  an  opening  bad  occ\irred.  Lieuten- 
ant F,n\ory.  with  the  livar,  has  .supported  me  tbrougliont  with  great  skillfulness  and 
ludliiiching  readiness  in  accbmplisbing  the  great  duty  of  relieving  (ireely.  1  would 
ask  instructions  about  Lurli  (larri/.  as  the  charti'r-party  held  by  her  master  differs 
in  several  inipciitant  particulars  from  nunc. 

(ireely  parly  are  much  improved  in  health  since  rescue,  but  was  critical  in  ex- 
treme when  foimd  and  for  several  days  aflei-.  Forty-eight  hours  delay  in  reaching 
Ibem  woidd  have  been  fatal  to  all  now  living.  Season  north  is  late  and  closest  for 
years.  Smith's  Soimd  was  not  opin  when  1  left  I  ape  Sabine,  Winter  about  Mel- 
ville Bay  most  severe  for  thirty  years. 

This  great  result  is  entirely  due  to  the  prompt  action  and  miweari<'d  energy  of 
yourself  and  Secretary  of  War  in  fitting  this  ex|pedilion  Inr  the  work  it  lias  liad 
the  honor  to  accoin])lish. 

W.  S.  SCHLEY,  Ctwimaiuk-r. 

Your  reply  witli  that  nf  tlus  ActiiiH;  Secichiry.  Jicar  Admiral 
Niohf)l.s,  its  follow.s,  wure  rDceivod  and  read  to  thu  officers  and  crew 
it  muster  .■ 


[Telegram.! 

West  Point.  N.  Y..  ,//////  17.  1884. 
Connnander  W.  S.  Scui-ey: 

Receive  my  congratulations  and  thanks  for  yourself  anil  your  whole  c-onunanil 
for  your  prudence,  persevevuiee.  and  enurage  in  reaching  om'  dead  and  dyingcoun- 
trymeu.     The  hearts  of  tho  American  peoi)le  go  out  with  great  ulfectioii  to  Liuuten- 


GKEELY   RELIEF  EXPEDITION.  go 

ant  Oreely  and  the  few  muviyors  c.f  his .loa-lly  ,K.ril.     Care  f„r then.  nnrennttinRly 

them.     I  leserve  tenderly  the  renuuns  „f  the  heroic  dea<l;  prepare  the.n  accordinir 
to  your  judgment  and  brinj,'  them  home.  atcoramg 

W.  E.  CHANDLER, 

Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Navy  Department, 

Commander  Schley,  Steamer  Thetis  .■  ^^^M^Oton,  D.  C,  July  17, 1884. 

Use  your  .liscretit.n  about  care  and  transportation  of  bodies.     Report  by  wire 

tl  vonv"  1  "^  m'"''  '"'  f "  ^'"■'^'-     ^^'"'''•^'-^■"t  ««»J«  >"-'  iH-arty  congratuLions 
to  yourself,  olheers,  and  men.  •'        o 

E.  T.  NICHOLS, 
Acting  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

These  telegranm  exprossins  the  Departmeiif.s  approval  of  our  ac- 
tion, the  foUowi,.gK,MH.rai  order  was  read  oii  board  each  vessel  to 
tlie  oflicers  ajid  crews  at  muster : 

[General  Order.] 

U.  S.  S.  Thetis. 

m         •  ^^-  John's,  N.  F.,  Julii  19  1884 

The  object  for  wliieh  this  e.xp,.dition  was  fitted  out  having  been  su^cessfullv  lu- 

coniphshed  and  approve.l  by  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  connna  ^1- 

mg  ofheer  avads  hnnself  of  the  opportunity  to  join  his  thanks,  eon^atulations  and 

obligations  to  tho.se  of  his  superiors.  "feiHiuidiions,  ana 

(Jreely-8  relief  was  made  possible,  iirst,  by  the  promptest  activity  and  unwearied 
energyof  the  honorable  Secretary  of  the  Navy  and  honorable  Secretary  oTwar 
st^..ndly,  by  the  unceasing  vigilance  and  readiness  of  officers  an.l  men,  their  alac- 
rity in  responding  to  orders,  their  cheerfulness  at  all  times,  day  or  night  nt'ie 
per  ormanceof  the  .luties  which  demanded  promptmus,  endurance-,  and^.ourage 

My  con  .deuce  grew  daily  i„  .,„ting  that  the  .s,,irit  of  those  who  fitt.^,i  this  expe- 

;!;i:,:^urd;s^^''*"''''^"'^"'«^-^^ 

Commanding  officers  wUl  please  read  this  at  general  muster. 

W.  S.  SCHLEY, 
Commander,  Commanding. 

The  Alert  arrived  at  (i  p.  m. ,  July  18.  The  following  telegram  was 
received  from  Rear-Admiral  Nichols,  Acting  Secretary,  July  1!»  re- 
garding movements  of  steamer  X,06'/i  G'om/; 

[Telegram.] 

/-.  ,     „  Washinqton,  D.  C,  J!(7«10  1884 

Commander  Schley,  St.  John\  Neufonndland : 

Owners  of  Loch  Garry  are  willing  sl.o  shoul.l  be  ,l,.livi.re.l  at  New  York 

another  officer  m  her ;  tin.e  is  an  imjwrtant  element. 

NICHOLS,  Acting  Secretary. 
In  Obedience  to  which  she  was  dispatched  to  New  York  at  12  m 
July  21.     Ensign  Chambers,  who  was  placed  on  board  her  to  rep- 


64 


ORKRT.Y   RKMEF   EXPEDITION. 


resent  tlio  (lovcriiiiu 


iiistnicti'd  toivjJoH  lu>r  .-irrival  fotl 
iiiivv-vard. 


iii<<'ivs(s  fhn)U,i,dic.iit   Ikt  ciiii-lnynu'iit.  was 
ii'cdimiiiiiiilaiit  i>(  (lie  N('\v  York 


Tho  great  chalice  of  1 


woatlior  from  St.  Jo] 


(•iii]H.raturo.  and    tlic   ])ossil.iIitv   of  l,ad 


tlic  ImmIIosoI'  tint  dead  in  metal 


in"s,  sii,t;ij:i'st('d   the  imi»orti 


au 


tliority 


was  received 


nee  of  tr 
lie  cases.     As  soon,  tliei'efon 


msiioi'tiiij,' 
as  your 


iron  witli  air-(i,i;lif  tops,  fitted  with  Iiaiidl 


iiskets  were  oi'den'd  and  made  of  h/.i! 


er- 


snrmonnted  l)y  a  silver  2)]ate.  ))earing  tl 
tlie  body  int^losed. 


I'ainted  black,  and  each 


le  name. and  (bite  of  .b'atli  of 


Tlie  -week  of  ri'st,  occasioned  by  the  <h'lay  in  makinir  tl 
eases,  was  most  H'l'Jiteful  to  nnic(.rs  and  men  of  ll 
their  Inird  work  and  exposni'e  in  the  Arctic  i 


e.se  l)urial 
K'  expedition  after 


Du 


'('•^lons. 


iin.Lf  oni-  stavat  St.  Joh 


Lady  {Jh)ver,  as  well  as  t 


n"s  we  were  the  recipients  of 


mnel 


esyanil  attention  from  the  Queen's  represeidatives.  Si,- J„l 

>motiierdistin,t!;nished  residents  of  tl 


wonld  refer  wit  I 


I 

iittention  of  ^Fr.  Thomas  X.  Molloy.  tiie  LInitod  Sf 


I  eonr- 
n  and 
e  cit  V, 


1  much  pleasure  to  the  Vidualde  assistance  aiid 


Jol 


m  s  ;  fie  was  alwa 


terests  of  till'  exped 


Arctic  expeditioi 


iites  consul  at  St. 
ys  enern;etic  and  untiring  in  furtliering  the  in- 
itioii ;  his  ac(|naintanco  with  the  i 


s  ,i;a.ve  him  grejit  adv;uita«-e  i 


'e([uii'enients  of 


Tlio  dogs  whicli  he  obtained  for  tlH>  t 
aiiimaks. 


iige  111  assisting  us. 
'xpeditiun  were  generally  lino 


rh(>  caskets  having  been  delivered  on  tlie  afternoon  ..f  July  -T, 
the  dead  wen;  transferred  to  them  at  once.     Tiie  T/n-hS,  Hear'  ;nM 
Ali'ii  sailed  from  St.  Johirs  Saturday.  July  •.'.;,  at  lOa.  in.,  for  I'orts- 
mouth,  N.  II.,  as  indicated  in  ;he  following  teh'grams : 

(.  oimiiaiKlcr  W.  8.  Schley,  •'       "^"tv 

St.  John's,  Xcirl'iiiimlliiiKl : 

Tf  possil.fc.  n;,.....  (luMlnye.,  tl,..  MMMnin-  „f  wl„Vl>  y,,,.  cna  cnt.T  P„rtsn,..utl, 

HMilHa^Satuniay,  August  ^..,rM<m,lay.l,Mi.pro|,nat..;;ni.sw,.|-,,ui,k  to  nuMtl'orts- 
meutli. 

W.  K.  CHAXDLKH, 
Secretury  of  tlic  Ar/c//. 


[Tcli'Krnni.l 

V.  S.  S.  TiiKTis. 

Hon.  W.  E.  (•ham..,ku.  '^''^  ■^"'"'''-  ^^-  ^•-  ■^"'■''  "'•  >^«*- 

Si'rirt<ir!/  »f  '/"'  Xtirij.  I'ortsiiioiith.  A'.  II.: 
Will  sail  lo-iuem.wat  10  a.  ni.,au,l  will  iva.h  Perlsi,„,utli  Satunlav  \u",ist  •> 
unless  .L.taiii...!  I,y  fog  or  c  ntniry  -airs.  Alrrl  is  so  slow  that  no  •■alrulation  ,;,n' 
1h.  ,nad..  upon  her  h|hhm1.  if  ,  -Urary  winds  are  met.  Will  tow  I,,.,-  if  p.a.ti.  ihl,. 
rVad  of  tins  ship  are  now  in  tlu'lr  cask.ts:  those  on  hoar.l  lirur  will  he  to-niuht  is 
s.H>n  ,18  .■askets  are  .lelivered.  There  will  he  ,|uit,.  a  (len.onstralion  here  to-morrow 
when  we  sail.     Lieutenant  (ireely's  party  mu<li  improved. 

W.  S.  SCHLEY.  Cow iii(iii(r<r. 


Ih 


■ 


OREEIiY   RKLIEK   RXPKDITIOX. 


65 


We  were  acfompaiiiod  „iit  „f  the  liiirlx.r  of  St.  John's  by  a  fleet  of 
steamers,  with  colors  at  lialf-inast.  carryinfr  a  hirge  iinnilwr  of  citi- 
zens, who  adopted  tliis  inaniKrof  te.stifyiug  their  respect  for  the 
t-escued,  tlieir  appreciation  of  our  work,  and  their  sympatiiy  for  the 
dead. 

The  speed  of  the  vessels  was  reKiilato.l  to  reach  our  destination  on 
the  2d  of  August.  Fair  winds  and"  unusually  favorable  currents,  that 
were  not  to  be  expected  at  this  sea.son,  prevailed  througliout  the  pas- 
sage and  forced  the  sliips  ahead  so  much  (luit  a  day  was  gained,  so 
that  we  arrived  at  9  a.  ni.,  August  I,  at  Pcjrtsnioutli,  N.  H. 

The  sailing  order  observed  was  the  same  as  that  prescribed  in 
leaving  Godliaven.  the  Thefts  leading,  with  the  J/er/ and  5ea?- on 
the  starboard  iuid  jturt  (puirtei's,  distant  three  cables. 

Arriving  at  Portsmouth  the  relief  ships  were  received  by  the  North 
Atlantic  Fleet,  under  Rear-Admiral  Luce,  dressed  as  for  a  holiday. 

As  each  ship  aijproached  her  anchorage  she  was  received  with 
cheers  by  the  shi])s  of  the  fleet.  When  the  relief  ships  had  anchored 
their  commanding  iitTicers  proceeded  on  hivM-iX  the  flagship  Tennessee 
to  pay  their  respects  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  in  accordance  with 
Rear-Admiral  Luce's  instructions  following  ; 

North  Atuntio  Station. 

OFFICIAL  MEMORANDUM  REOARDINO  THE  PARTICIPATION  OP  THE  NAVAL  CONTIOENT 
IN  THE  RECEPTION  OK  THE   ARCTIC  RELIEF  SHIPS. 

(1)  One  of  the  vessels  of  tliis  .sciuailroii  will  l)e  d.-tiiilwl  to  cruise  off  the  mouth  of 
the  harhor  to  ohtain  the  earliest  intelligence  of  the  aj-proach  of  the  three  relief  shiijs 
Thetis,  Bear,  and  Alert.  ' 

(2)  If  on  their  approach  their  colors  should  1m'  at  half-nia.st,  they  are  to  be  signaled 
to  uianthead.  A  copy  of  this  uiemorandinn  will  then  l)e  furnished  to  the  com- 
manding ofHcers  of  each  relief  ship. 

(3)  The  relief  ships,  acconjpanied  by  the  lookout  shii),  will  enter  the  harbor  at 
11  o'clock  a.  m.,  Saturday,  August  3,  1S84;  the  former  taking  up  their  berths  at 
discretion  on  the  outer  limits  of  Pepperell  Cove,  to  the  eastward  of  the  flagship,  the 
latter  taking  her  previous  iM'rtli. 

(4)  The  ships  lying  in  the  roads  will  Ir.  dressed  with  the  national  colors  at  each 
masthead  anil  .Sunday  colors  at  the  peak. 

(5)  As  the  relief  ships  near  the  anchorage  the  rigging  of  all  the  ships  in  the 
roads  will  be  manned,  and  the  crew  of  each  ship  will  give  three  cheers  a.s  the  relief 
ships  j)ass. 

(6)  No  ijcrsons  will  be  allowed  to  go  on  board  thfe  relief  ships  except  the  relatives 
of  Lieutenant  Greely,  and  of  the  survivors  of  his  party,  until  further  notice. 

(7)  Immediately  after  anchoring  the  commanders  of  the  Thetis,  Bear,  and  Ahrt 
will  repair  on  board  the  Ten iiensee  and  pay  their  respects  to  the  honorable  Secre- 
tary of  the  Navy  ami  the  commander-in-chief  of  the  North  Atlantic  Station.  The 
officers  of  the  relief  ships  will  follo%v  in  boats  provided  by  the  wniadron. 

(8)  When  the  officers  return  to  their  ships,  the  honorable  Secretfiry  and  the  com- 
mander-in-chief will  visit  the  Thetis,  Bear,  and  Alert  and  inspect  them. 

(9)  After  the  visits  arrangements  will  l)e<>ompleted  for  participation  in  the  pprade 
and  reception  given  by  the  citizens  of  P(»rtsmouth. 

H.  Mis.  157 — -5 


G6 


(IREFI.Y  RELIEF  EXPEDITION. 


(10)  Thf  fnniilicH  of  tht>  offloiTH  of  tlir  n-licf  Hhips  will  bt'  received  on  board  the 
Tennrssrr. 
By  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Navv 

a.  n.  LUCE. 
Rear- All mirul  Vimnmtnditiq, 
U.  S.  Naval  Forces  cm  the  North  Atlantic  Statioti, 
U.  S.  F1.AOSHIP  Tf.nnesrek, 

Portstnonth  Hurlxtr,  July  -iWi,  1884. 


North  Atlantio  Statio\, 

U.  S.  Fi,A()siiii>  Tknnksske  (1st  Uatk), 

l'i)rt.viioiith,  N.  H.,  Aiiiiiinf  a,  1H84. 
Generai-  Order,  ) 

(No.  4).  \ 

The  Naval  BriKadc  will  land  for  parade  and  review  at  Portsmouth,  N.   II.,  on 
Monday,  Auji^ist  4,  18H4. 

The  following  is  the  detail  of  ofliccrs  : 

Lieut.  C'oniniandcr  H.  I'.  I^inilierton,  ComniandinK  Brigade, 

Lieut.  C.  E.  Colalian,  Adjutant. 

Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  K.  Ashliridge,  Surgi  on. 

Assistant  Paymaster  J.  S.  Carpenter,  (.Quartermaster. 

Lieut.  R.  H.  MeLean,  Aid. 

Naval  Cadet  R.  Welles,  Aid, 

('apt.  J.  M.  T.  Yoimg,  Conunanding  Marine  Battalion. 

Lieut.  R.  P.  Rodgers,  Conunanding  Infantry  Battalion. 

Lieut.  T.  T.  VVoml,  Conunanding  Artillery  Hattalinn. 

First  Lieut.  M.  C.  Go<Klrell,  Commanding  First  Company  Marines. 

First  IJeut.  L.  J.  Oulick,  Commanding  Second  Company  Marines. 
Commanding  Third  Comiiany  Marines. 

First  Lieut.  O.  T.  Bates,  Conunanding  Fourth  Comjiany  Marines. 

Lieut,  W.  W,  Kimball,  Commanding  First  Company  Seamen. 

Lieut.  J.  B.  Collins,  Conunanding  Second  Company  Seamen. 

Lieut.  John  Uownes,  ("onunanding  Third  Comjjany  Seamen. 

Naval  C^adet  (t.  W.  Littleliales,  (^Hunianding  Foin-th  Company  Seamen. 

Lieut.  S.  C.  Paine,  Commanding  Fifth  Company  Seamen. 

Lieut.  G.  H.  Peters,  Conunanding  Sixth  Company  Seamen. 

Lieut.  York  Noel,  Conunanding  Seventh  Company  Seamen. 

Ensign  F.  R.  Wall,  Commanding  Eighth  Comiiany  Seamen. 

Ensign  J.  T.  Newton,  C(mnnanding  Ninth  Company  Seamen 

Lieut.  Alfred  Reynolds,  Conunanding  Tenth  I'ompany  Se.-nnei;. 

Lieut.  R.  Wainwright,  Conunanding  First  Platoon  Artillery. 

Lieut.  F.  E.  Sawyer,  Conunanding  Seei)n<l  Platoon  Artillery. 

Lieut.  M.  F.  Wright,  Conunanding  Third  Platoon  Artillery. 

Ensign  W.  U.  liose,  C/'onimanding  (lorps  of  Pioneers. 

Naval  ( 'adet  R.  11.  Orr,  in  charge  of  Band  and  Buglers. 
The  following  instructions  will  he  observed : 

CommaiKling  ofliccrs  will  see  that  all  men  of  the  naval  brigade  are  ready  to 
emliark  from  their  respective  ships  by  8  o'clock,  a.  m.  The  preparatory  signal  will 
be  niaiie  at  7.45  a.  m.,  and  wben  this  signal  is  made  the  landing  force  of  each  sliip 
will  get  ready  to  go  on  board  the  tug  lyeijdrn,  which  will  convey  the  lirigade  to  the 
landing. 

The  I^-yden  will  anchor  near  the  Tennessee,  and  the  men  be  sent  to  her  in  ship's 
boats  when  the  signal  is  made. 


\^ujl 


i 


::t  ^ 


I. it  I 


M  wv;  ?ilv  i^K> '    )Pm 


Illjil" 


■,->^-  « 


ilVi 


P 


'IP 
''I 


amirito 


OHRKT-V   RKMEF   EXPEnmON. 


R7 


T  m  lan.linK  will  U-  m  Kmvv.M,,  larxlinK.  f.H.t  of  |),.,.i..||  street. 

T  u.  Nuvul  DiviHi,,,,  will  for...  ..„  ( ■.,„Kn.«MHlr..,.t,  tl...  riKl.t  .VHti„K,a  PI..,u«.ntHtr.H.t 

1  ...  ..„if..r,n  of  all  ol,l....rH  will  1h.  „„.|.vhh,  with  I... t„  an.l  l^^JT 

Tl,..  ..Miform  tor  tl...  K,nlorH  will  U.  I.I....,  with  u.nnWnu^  f.-o.l<H.  whi^  .'.u.,  ,.„v.rH 

wl.iti.  l<..il..-liii.inri|Miiii(|  I..KKiiiKN-  "-'"ix.ovtfH. 

M...,  l.,.vi„K  K.K«l-......h..t  ImmIk..h  ,i„,|  „„,|,»l„  „f  ,.,„„.r  will  w..,ir  th...,. 

1...  ....,.„„,  of  tl...  ,..uri„..H  will  U.  f..ll  ,1,,^,  with  l,..|,....tH  ,.,.,1  ,.hai„K 

1 1...  u,K.tl...,...r...H  ,„.,|  Htr..t<h..r.....|.  will  w,.ar  a  (),.,...v,t  .roHM  ....  tl...  I,.ft  am, 

^^  NHtl...r  ..a,.t......«  ..or  tin  ,H.tH  will  U-  ..arri.-.l.  a...l  tl....-  will  U.  ..o  waU.r  ..H;ri.n. 

Tl...  .olor  Kttani  will  \^  p„Ht..l  on  f...  l..ft  of  tl...  Hfth  ....n.uu.y 

11...  ..rlill...y  ,,,..n  will   1...  ,.r. 1  with  ..utla.H..H  o..ly.     N..ith,.rpo....|...s  nor  Hnarn 

u(.I..H.x..Hw.lU...............     Tl,..sli..Ks.or,. .■•st.,..lHa...li„. .....t  l.a»,„  wi„ 

In  M...  riKht  win«  of  tl...  l,attalio,.  ll...  tall..Ht  .,...,.  will  for,.,  on  tl...  ri^l.t  ,.f  ,•„„,. 
|m„....h:  ...  11...  h.fi  wi..K  ||„.y  will  fo,-,.,  on  tl..-  left. 

l..nn..diat..ly  uiH.n  lan.li,.«,  i| arin..s  of  H...  N..,th  Atlantic  S,,ua.lro„  will  ioiii 

the  i-onunund  of  c:olon(.l  HriM.......  '  J  '" 

H.  n.  LUCK. 
Rear-Admiml  ( 'ommaiiding, 
U.  8.  Narnl  FnrceM  on  the  Nurth  Atluutir  Station. 

This  i.]o,iH,int,  .luty  inn-Un-um],  the  ..fflcm-s  and  men  of  the  relief 

Hlups,  an.l  tl.o  ,-(.s..u..,l  survi  v..,.s.  w..n.  1h..  r,.<.ipi,,,,tH  f.,,.Hovoml  tlavH 
of  haiulHon.o  nv...  .l..„.ons(.nitions  a.,,1  aUrntions  fro.n  thnciti/e.is  of 
1  ..rtsiiiouth  and  vicinity.  ,«„1  wore  Kiven  tli«  freedom  of  that  c-itv 
Hoon  after  our  arrival  at  PortHnionth.  N.  H..  Lieutetiant  Greely 
an.l  hve  other  .nrvivor,s  of  tl>e  La.ly  Franklin  Bay  Expe<Utio,t  were 
transferred  to  the  .innsdiction  of  Roar  Admiral  C.  H.  Weils  at  the 
navy-yard. 

The  nH>\  AM  an.l    IWar  sail...!  from  Portsmouth  for   New 
>..rk  at  8.^0  a.  m.  Tuesd.iy,  AuKust  5,  in  ohedience  to  your  order 
loilowuig :  ' 

Navv  Department. 

«,„       I.  w      n  ,     ,  H'((.s/il«f//(»H,  Aut/U.Ht  .l,   1S84. 

S m  :  I  n..o.>.l  to  (Jovornor'H  Tslan.I.  N.nv  York,  with  the  three  relief  shipH.  arriv- 
inK  Ihursdiiy  ii.orn.Ufi;  alMu.t  11  o'cl.H.k.  ' 

Deliver  tl...  reniainn  of  tl...  (ir..,.!y  ,,a,'|y,  as  .ILvet...!  in  writi..^  either  l,v  the  S«. 
retury  of  War  ..r  Major.ieneral  llan.....k,  an.,  await  fu.-tl...r  .'rdlrs::  New  S! 
Very  resjiectfully,  ^  «»v  xors, 

W.  E.  CHANDLER, 
Commander  W.  S.  Schley,  Secretary  of  the  Navy. 

Commanding  Oreely  Relief  K.viydition. 

During  the  passage  to  New  York  the  weather  was  densely  fofrgv 
u,.  to  P  ire  Islan,  .  and  the  navigation  very  difficult.  Passing  t:i,rough 
Vmeyar.1  Sound  we  saw  nothing  except  the  light-ships,  and  ,lid  not 

71^TJt     't  r"    TV'^  i^^^rtsmouth  more  than  once  until  we  had 
reached  Fire  Island  light. 


68 


onKRt.V   RRMRI"'  RPPKDITIOV. 


Wtt  w»>rt«  iloliiyt'il  nil  MiiH  account  fur  (wcnty-fotir  Ikmiph,  but 
rciiclicl  N.'w  Vuik  nil  Kriday.  AiikumI  H,  nt  ||  u.  in.,  iiml  <l..livi'rctl 
the  IkhHcm  of  till'  ili'iul  ill  (Jovcriuir'H  IhIuikI  to  Miijor-(}t'iit<riil  Iluu- 
iiM'k,  niinniuiiiliiiK  Militury  DcpHrtimwit  of  tliii  KiiHt.     'I'licy  wci-t  vtt- 

ci'ivi'il  witli  iiiilitiiry  liuimrs.     All  r hIh,  rclirs.  and  .'(I'cHh  «>('  tin- 

liviiiKHiiil  till' dead  wen-  di'livcn-d  ut  Onvcriior's  island  on  Satur- 
(lay,  AuKUHt  I). 

Tlic  sliips  wiTi'  taken  to  tlw  navy-yaid  ?londay.  AuKUHt  II,  in 
olifdicnci'  to  your  orders,  and  tlie  liidk  of  llieirHtorcN  and  iirovisioiiM 
landed. 

ruAi,  <(»N.sttMKl). 

DuriuK  11it»  cruiHc  in  (he  Arctii^  regions,  from  New  York  until 
tlieii'  return,  the  following  anioimt  of  coal  was  received  and  con- 
wuined  hy  eacli  of  tiie  vessi-ls  of  the  relief  expuditi«m  ; 


Ut't't'lvt'il  ut  N»'w  York, 

Hi'ct'lvt'il  afliT  ili'|u>iiiira 

Tnlul 

Kxih'IkIisI 

Ti'tuI  n'liuUliiiiK  I'll  iHutnl 


Tht^tln. 


'Am*. 
HIO 

W) 

WO 

■Ul 


Hwr. 
Timn. 

aiw 

7"i« 


Alert, 


TbiM. 
ItO 

MO 


-tan 
84a 


The  distance  traversed  Ity  the  Tin  tin  and  Jiear  wns  nearly  ?,()00 
niiles.  uud  hy  the  .l/c/7  about  (I.OOO  miles. 

The  Herreshotl"  steam  ciitters  sujiplied  to  the  Thetis  and  Bi'(tr 
proved  most  excellent  boats  in  a  sea-way.  For  the  uses  of  the  ^fueral 
crui,sers  of  tlie  Navy  they  are  very  desirable  addition.s,  but  for  .service 
in  the  Arctic,  which  is  exceptionally  severe  and  where  tlie  exigencies 
i>r  hard  nsaKcantI  ncKlecl  arc  rather  the  rule.  1  must  .say  the  Herres- 
hotV  type  did  not  meet  my  expectation.  Simpler  design  of  en><ine 
and  boiler  .seems  needed  in  that  region,  or  at  least  a  tvpe  which  occa- 
sional nt'Klcct  woiilil  injure  to  less  extent  than  the  Herreshoff.  In 
both  these  cutters  the  coils  burst;  the  spring' .safety-valves  failed  to 
work  at  a  critical  nu)nu'nt  and  nearly  involved  the  loss  of  both  cut- 
ters; the  exterior  conden.sei' was  nnsuited  and  vuiuerable  when  hauled 
on  to  the  ice.  On  the  othei'  huml,  their  ad  vantages  over  the  ordinary 
lauiu'h  used  in  the  service  were:  the  rapidity  with  which  steam  could 
be  ^'ot  up.  their  economy  in  the  useof  coal  and  water,  and  their  speed. 

The  White  steam  cutter  of  the  Alert  was  an  exceedingly  handy 
boat.  She  was  neither  so  fast  n(U'.sogood  a.seaboat  as  the  Herreshoff 
cutter.  The  engine  is  sim])le  and  easily  kept  in  working  ('oudition. 
The  boiler  being  of  old  type,  too  mucli  time  is  cimsumed  in  rai.sing 
steaju.  a  f;ital  error  in  launches  for  Arctic  service.  This  cutter  com- 
pari'd  with  HerresholFs  lor  such  .service  presents  delects  of  eijual 


OREELY   RELIEF   EXPEDITION, 


69 


Her  construction  makes  repair  of  injuries  to  hull  vt^ry 


importance, 
diflifult. 

^  In  view  of  the  disaster  to  the  Lady  Franklin  Bay  Expedition  at 
ihipi^  Sabine  and  tlio  conclusion  of  the  Department  last  year  that  it 
was  impractica])le  to  send  another  vessel  north  after  the  Yantics  re- 
turn to  St.  John'.s,  September  KJ,  18S;],  with  report  of  the  loss  of  the 
Proteus,  I  would  state  that  tlie  past  winter  in  Melville  Bay  was  re- 
ported to  be  the  most  severe  exi)erienced  for  thirty  years. 

Tlie  winter  began  earlier  than  usual  and  continued  with  great  se- 
verity later  into  the  spring  of  1884.  About  the  equinox  (September 
21)  cold  weather  began  to  set  in  and  the  temperature  steadily  fell  at 
Disco,  Upernavik.  and  Tassuisak.  Sixty  degrees  below  zero  (Fah.) 
was  reached  later  in  the  winter,  when  it  was  said  to  have  continued 
for  a  period  of  sixty  consecutive  days.  Melville  Bay  was  frozen  over 
as  far  as  could  be  seen  from  these  three  points  in  the  latter  part  of 
October.  As  the  season  of  continual  darkness  had  come  on  by  October 
the  navigation  of  this  region  would  have  been  well  nigh  impossible, 
unless  the  bay  had  been  entirely  open.  Under  the  circumstances^ 
any  vessel  attempting  tiiis  navigation  would  have  come  to  grief,  if 
she  had  not  been  totally  lost. 

It  can  be  seen  in  view  of  this  information  that  the  action  of  last 
year  was  wise. 

^The  total  expense  of  fitting  out  the  expedition  will  aggregate  about 
$:o().()()().  A  consideraljle  jxirtion  of  this  sum  was  tor  the  purchase 
of  the  ships,  which  are  returned  in  good  condition.  Their  value, 
together  with  that  of  the  returned  stores  and  outtits  in  all  depart^ 
ments,  when  disposed  of  either  by  .sale  or  transfer  to  the  general 
service,  will  greatly  reduce  this  amount. 


HYDROORAPHIC   INFORMATION. 

During  the  cM-uise  of  the  sliips  on  the  coast  of  Greenland,  Lieuten- 
ants Sebree,  Crcjsby,  and  Badger,  who  were  the  executive  officers  of 
the  three  ships,  doing  duty  as  navigating  officers  in  addition  thereto 
ascertained  that  the  Englisli  Admiralty  charts  of  that  coast  were 
defective  in  a  number  of  i)articulars. 

Wlienever  opportunity  off'ered  advantage  was  taken  Ijy  these  zeal- 
ous and  untiring  officers  to  increase  the  accuracy  of  navigating  this 
region.  In  almost  every  instance  their  observations  were  similar 
and  their  results  agreed  ;  for  example  The  Ktiiy/if  Islands,  off'  Hol- 
steinb(n-g,  are  represented  as  extending  out  t(j  longitude  54°  30'  W 
m  latitude  07"  N.  (chart  a;io,  Arctic  Sea,  Davis  Strnits,  and  Baffii'i 
Bay).  Our  course  on  the  way  north  ran  over  the  outer  islands. 
These  islands  do  not  extend  off  land  over  7  miles,  inst«ui  of  15  miles 
as  by  chart. 


70 


GREELY   RELIEF   EXPEDITION. 


l 


I  ho  Rock  njr  Ihfkol  Ishnnl  niiirko.l  on  this  same  clmrt,  •,>()  miles 
NW.  i  N.  (tniu)  from   Rifk,,]   Isliuul,  could  not  l.e  .s,mmi   from  this 
ship  at  a  (liscaiire  of  less  than  I  mile.     The  whalers  say  it  exists,  but 
if  tru(\  it  must  he  mueli  neart^r  the  coast.  '        ' 

Westcni  and  Whale-Fish  Islands,  in  Disco  Bay,  are  from  lo'  to  1.5' 
of  longitude  west  of  the  true  position.  Our  course  up  run  west  of 
the  Westei'u  Islands  f)  miles  and  ;5  miles  west  of  the  Whale-Fish 
When  up  with  the  Western  Islands  they  could  not  bo  seen  on  a  per- 
fectly clear  day.  They  lie  much  closer  to  the  shore.  When  up  with 
the  Whale- F^'ish  Islands  we  found  ourselves  at  least  1(»  miles  west  of 
them.  The  weather  beinj,'  clear  and  the  ship  steering  for  Disco  Island, 
in  sight,  this  could  not  have  occurred  from  current  without  detect- 
ing it. 

Uoilharen  or  Licrelij  is  down  on  this  chart  from  10'  to  15'  of  lon- 
gitude west  of  its  i)osition  as  given  in  Bowditch's  Navigator;  head- 
ing a  httle  east  of  the  position  given  in  Bowditch  it  was  difficult 
untd  close  up.  to  distinguish  the  beacon.     It  is  better  to  approach  it 
from  the  westward,  as  the  beacon  shows  better  from  that  direction 
iin'iiiank  Harbor  chart  gives  a  rock  75  yards  in  diameter;  the 
rock  IS  a  pinnacle  10  yards  in  diameter  and  bare  at  low  water     Angles 
taken  on  the  rock:  W.  end  Olrick  Island  to  Church   m"-  SW  end 
Small  Island  close  to  village,  to  Church  20°  130';  Clmrch  to  N.  point 
o   entrance  to  Danish  Harbor,  (j^  10'.    There  are  from  0  to  !.  fathoms 
ot  water  around  this  rock. 

Approaches  to  Upernavik  are  extremely  dangerous.  Numerous 
rocks  and  islands  exist  that  are  not  down  on  the  charts.  The  Thetis 
touclied  on  one  and  saw  a  number  of  others. 

If  clear,  inake  Sanderson's  Hope,  head  m  for  it,  and  keep  a  good 
lookout  tor  rocks,  are  about  the  only  directions  that  can  b.>  <nven 

From  Upernavik  to  Horse  Head  there  are  numbers  of  rocks  not 
marked  on  the  c-harts,  and  many  islands  not  even  indic^ated  The 
coast  hue  is  out  of  true  position,  and  many  of  the  islands  arcs  inaccu- 
rately located.     The  longitude  of  Tassuisak  appears  correct. 

Duck  fslands,  from  a  number  of  observations  for  longitude  and 
latitude,  were  foun.l  out  in  position.  The  largest  or  soutliern  islan<l 
IS  m  latitude  7i'\  longitude  57'^  40'  W.,  instead  of  the  position  given 
on  the  chart. 

The  Deril's  Thumb,  a  most  important  landmark  in  crossing  Mel- 
ville Bay,  was  estal)lish(>d.  from  a  number  of  positions  well  d(iter- 
miiied  going  north  and  returning  south,  to  Iw  in  latitude  74°  ;i,S'  N  or 
IS  miles  north  of  the  chart  d  position.  The  whole  coast  line  inthe 
vicinity  <)f  the  Devil's  Thumb  is  from  10  to  20  miles  too  far  .south 
AH  the  islands  and  the  entire  coast  Mne  on  the  north  side  of  Melville 
Bay  are  out  in  latitude,  probably  15  or  18  miles. 

Haklut/t  Island  oflP  Nortlvunberlaud  Island  is  about  5  miles  fur- 
ther north  than  marked  on  the  chart.     Herbert  Island  and  North- 


GREELY   KP]I.IEF   EXPKDITION. 


71 


i.mlxn-  nn.l  Island  aw,  nut  relatively  put  down  right,  but  wo  were  not 
rrV,  ,;"*^.  '■'=""«''  •"  "'^^'^'  ^'i""ity  t<,  aceurately  establish  them 
riio  loll.nving  soundings  were  taken  by  Lieutenant  Sebree  execu- 
tive olhcer  of  the  riieti.s  during  her  cruise  in  the  Arctic.    The  instru 
ment  used  was  a  nuichine  of  Sir  William  Thoms(m's,  and   excent 
when  the  ship  was  beset  in  the  ice,  the  tubes  were  always  used     Tliis 
machine  is  of  the  greatest  value  to  navigators,  an.l  when  in  water  of 
00  fathoms  or  under  is  the  most  reliable  instrument  of  the  many 
used.     The  advantage  of  sounding  while  under  full  headway  at  sea 
needs  no  discussion  by  sailors.     The  machine  on  boar. I  the  77,, ^Z^. 
was  poorly  made  and  somewhat  clumsy,  but  its  principle  was  ,,erfect 
It  could  be  iini)roved  in  several  particulars  which  would  materially 
increase  its  efficiency.  "^ 


Date. 


1881. 
May  SO... 


Si. 
81. 
21. 
21. 


June  IS. 
13. 


15. 
18 


20. 


20. 


July 


Soundings. 


Fathoms. 

m 

30 
36 
Z! 

98 
212 


230 
65 


85 


Character  of  bottom. 


Crs.  Or.  S.  Sh. 

Br.  Ph 

...do 

Or 

Br.  Sh.  Gr 


Ijititude 
north. 


Fine  S . 


S.  andSh.... 
No  specimen . 


Or.  S. 


W 
66 
«7 
(17 
07 

'i8 
70 

74 
74 


15 
50 
06 
21 

48 

13 
23 

07 
09 

00 
52 


Jjongitude 
west. 


53 
51 
54 
.'•►4 
51 

.M 
fiS 

58 
58 

59 


Remarlai. 


No  bottom. 

Oneflftli  mile   nest   Hare 
Island. 

Vessel  tied  up  to  ice. 
1)0. 


70     a")     Ijirge    l«>rg   aground    100 
,      yards  east  of  sounding. 

Soun.ling  between  Hakluyt  and  Northuniliei-land  Island, ' alwut  onetliird 
ant  from  Northumberland  to  Ilaliluyt. 


BIl;.  Or . 


77     33 


72     35 


-rgs 


Numerous   large   bt 
aground. 

These  soundings  were  taken  betwwn  Dalrympie  and  WoLstenliuIm  Islands- 
the  fli-st  sounding  j  mile  S.  by  W.  j  W.  from  s.  end  of  Ddrymple  Island' 
and  the  last  sounding  about  3  nnles  ESE.  from  the  S.  end  of  Dalrympie 
Bearings  wen^  taken,  but  as  the  chart  was  found  to  be  incorrect  they 
were  not  of  nmch  use. 


Nosjieciinen 
S.  andSh 


74 
67 


57 


On  Torsk  Bank. 


It  IS  my  agreeable  duty  to  commend  to  your  attention  the  services 
ot  Commander  George  W.  Coffin,  cominandingthe  Alert;  the  perilous 
ami  arduous  duties  imp.wed  upon  him.  (o  c.mduct  in  safety  his  own 
vessel  and  the  collier,  Loch  Garry,  through  Melville  Bay,  were  ex- 


72 


(.HKKI-V  HKMKK  KXI'KDITION. 


vniU'i]  with  ,iu.l-ni..nt,  .•m.l  .skill.  HUu-fmfr  Jator  tlmutlio  ..tlior  two 
vi'ssi-lsot  tliH  .^xiHMlitioi,,  and  havin.i,^  miucI.  Irss  .sl,,,n.  power  tlin 
Alcrf  did  not  reach  so  I,io],  a  lat  itii.l..  as  t  li,.  T/icfis  and  Hear  Sl.o 
l..'n..tra,t(>dth.'ic.MVf,n<.n  to  an  oxtciit  that  surprLsod  me,  notwith- 
stai.din-thiMlrt....lion  ocmsioncd  in  aw.iitinK  fuv..nil)]u  oi.T.ortnni- 
tics  to  advance  witli  safety  to  tlic!  Ln,h  (/(irri/ 

('..mmanderCnm,.  pushed  the  J/c/7  into  an  fidvance.l  position  in 

]\lelvUh<  Hay,  mhIiI  Ins  pn.o-n.ss  was  arrested   l,y   i,.„  too  he;,,vv  lor 

urn  to  Im'aiv  or  drive  asnn.hM-.     1  feel  that  he  acco.npli.shed  .s.u^e.s.s- 

tully  and  skdltully  all  tlnit  was  j)ra.'tica,l,le  an<l  iM..ssi])lo  nnder  thn 

circumstances. 

The  Kivat.'st  contiden<M'  was  felt,  that  Ik*  would  carry  out  his  in- 
stru..tioiis  to  tin.  letter  in  tin,  event  that  it  wonW  bo  noces.sary  for 
met.,  n'niain  m  the  Arctic  h.^vond  the  pv...s,mt  y..ar ;  I  thereforo 
pushed  on  witli  no  uncertainty  ahout  what-  \n>.  would  do 
_  Lieut.  WH.  Emory,  jr..  commanding  rho  ^mr,  was  nnder  my 
immedniteoh,servationdurinKmo.stof  the  cruise.  ItafFords  mo  tlie 
greatest  pleasur."  to  te.s(ify  f,,  fh,.  promptness.  .M.ergy.  and  .skillful- 
ness  of  tins  meritorious  ofKcer;  liis  coolness  and  good  judgment  were 
valuable  to  m.-.  On  no  ocasion  was  it  necessary  to  ,>itlier  prompt 
or  Older  him  to  discharge  duties.  Ho  was  always  on  the  watch  with 
the  keenest  appreciation  of  the  situation  in  anticipating  all  my 
wishes.     Signals  weiv  n(>v(>r  iiecessa,i  v  betwe(>n  the  two  .ships 

His  earnest  example  of  loyalty  to  the  s.u-vico  we  were  sent  to  per- 
form was  caught  np  by  his  officers  and  crew,  so  that  tlio  two  shiiK 
were  always  worked  with  the  utmost  accord  a.ui  harmony  ],o  en- 
joyed and  deserved  my  entire  coiitideiice.  '  ' 

I  would  cmimend  him  especially  to  tlie  Department  as  an  ofh.rr 
of  higli  professional  m,>rit  and  comp.'tencv.aiid  Avould  frankly  state 
that  much  of  the  success  of  the  expedition  was  due  to  him  and  to 
his  ably  officered  ship. 

Lieiit.  Uriel  Sebrec.  of  the  Thrfis.  F.  H.  (<rosby  o(  the  JMu;  and 
t.  J.  Badger,  ot  the  A/crf,  were  the  executive  and  navigating  offi- 
(vrs  of  tlieir  respe<-tive  vessels.  Lieutenant  Sebn'o  being  on  board 
the  ThHis.  and  Lieut..nant  ('r,.sby  ,„,  tli,.  Bear,  came  nnder  my 
immediate  observation,  and  of  them.  Tarn  able  to  bear  i.er.s.mal  tes- 
timony. I  need  say  n,.  „„„•..  in  th.'ir  favor  tlian  to  inform  tin* 
Deimrtment  tliat  two  m..iv  capable.  ..nici..nt  and  eiu-rgetic  officers 
.•nnld  not  have  been  .sehrted  for  the  p..sitioiis  tliev  filled;  th.'v  wei'o 
always  ready,  always  prompt,  always  zeahnis.  and  alwavs  cluvrftil- 
both  en,|oy,d  the  rnmplet."  confid.mco  of  their  c.mimanding  officers 
in  .lischargmg  their  dutic-s;  they  were  in  m.  sen.se  le.ss  skillful  or  less 
competent  than  th.-ir  commanding  offic(>rs.  so  that  if  accident  liad 

incapacitate,!  the  leaders  tlie  ships  w..uld  have  been  h>ft in  a.ble]ia.nd,s. 
Iheir  servi.vs  wiv  invaluable  to  the  exp..dition.  and  1  hold  them 
111  tiio  higliest  estimatiua  professionally  and  per.soually. 


^'   ^^       V*       «    , 


:irii., ! 


OKKKLV   RKLFRF   KXPKDITION.  yn 

r^rZ  *^f  "^'^^^  intorm«of  ]m«1.  uppn.haHon  of  TJout 

.•ui.l  rof.-rs   o  Ins  ,.,.oI„,.s  un.l  J.wlK.n.nt  un.lor  all  dv^n^„ 

I  am  ,i,la,l  to  in-lorso  all  tl.at  Comnmncler  Cofli,,  sayn       »  'is        ,  I 
oo„uK,t..nt  nn.l  H,i..i.„t,  yo.„,.  om..,.,  an.l  to  in  1     o    "      ,w      8  S  "n 

ReynoMs.  of  the  ,..r,  a„.,  Lio::;:'!^^.^;;^  .;:;i^i;;-'  ^  1^- 

McOla.n,  aiKl  A.  A.  Arkonnan.  of  tl.e  llnf  worn  f  „  Jl  f  i  '  «-" 
c..-sof  the  n.spo..tivo  ships.  I  n.ention  th!;: ',,^  ,  !^  ir^j  ,  t" 
paHmont,.o,,ld  not Imve  scdeoted  nH.ro compotont  nuM,  foH.^!^^^^^^^^^^^ 

TlHur  aptdu.lo  expori.n.o.  and  phy.si,iuo  rna.lo  then,  inv  h  L       fo^. 
the  oxposod  .h.t,o.s  of  .shipboard  life  in  the  Arctic  rejon"  or  f 
detached  work  there.  't^iuiis,  oi   loi 

Thoir  assistance  to  their  .several  coinmandin^  ofTtcers  was  mosf 
va  nable,  w  „le  their  good  judgn.ent  inspire.1  th^reatX.rfid  n 

In  no  ^nst^anco  m  any  of  the  ships  did  they  n.ake  a  mistake  tl'e 
constan  and  rapu  advance  was  largely  due  to  their  watchf  1  att"^ 
tion  and  judgment  of  ice  movements.  Hi-itn- 

I  hold  them  to  be  tried  and  valuable  officers,  and  in  this  view  com 
mend  them  to  the  Department.  ^ 

_  Ensign  W  I.  Chanii.ers  was  detailed  to  represent  the  Government 
interests  on  board  the  Lock  Gam,,  I  am  glad  to  say  tW  he  w  , 
always  most  mterested  and  efl1,.ie„t;  his  judgment  an.[  aj' ity  we  e 
most  conspunious,  and  to  bin.  and  to  his  a,lvice  the  safety  of  tluf  iZh 
rmn-.y  was  mainly  due.  He  enjoyed  my  highest  confidence  f o  •  1  i 
officer-like  manag.iment  of  delicate  duties. 

Lieut.  J.  C.  Colwell  was  on  detached  duty  at  Cape  York-  his  i)re 
vious  experience  in  this  region  gave  him  the  preference  wli'en  it  was 
necessary  to  c-ommnnicale  with  the  natives;  his  promptness  in  realh 
mg  them  at  Cape  York  dul  him  much  credit  and  fully  justified  his 
SSTuiir.?''"'"-     He  ..as  returned  to  the  ^c./.VLfttt 
Chief  Engineers  George  W.  Melville,  of  the  T/wtls,  John  Lowe  of 
the  ^mr,  and  Passed  Assistant  Engineer  W.  H.  Nauman.  of  the 
Ate,  t,  were  without  exception  most  efficient  and  capable.     Six  men 
only  composed  the  engineer's  force  of  each  of  the  ships,  so  that  when 
other.s  found  oppcn-tunity  to  rest  these  officers  were  obliged  to  be  on 
hand  that  the  engines  might  be  ready  at  a  moment's  notice,  and  this 
con  iiuied  from  the  moment  of  entering  the  ice  until  it  was  left 

^r.IvT.'r^"' •'  ""''"  ^^'^''^'  ""'^'^^"^  f»""'»  ^""  «P^^'^  '^I'ead  to  full 
speed  abtern  in  ramming,  and  iu  most  cases  under  the  direct  control 


74 


OKKKI.V    KKLrKK   KXPKDITroN. 


of  tlin  Pliiof  .Mi«ii rs.     In  ,,11  tl.n  ImnissiiiK  .lonmndH  iiprm  t]w  cii- 

ifuw  1111(1  (li..  niK'i r's  Coirc  of  tlir  Hliip.s  no  niisliikrs  wciv  in.i.lr. 

For  tho  jM-rf.rtion  in  their  niotivo  powor,  upon  wliidi  so  inncli  <,f 
M.o  Hurn-ss  of  tlirsc  Arctic  nliips  .i..pcnWr,|,  |  ,,„,  jn-lchlci  In  (!„» 
Kmit  .sl<ill  un.l  nntirinK."xcHionH..f  (heir  engineer, .lliccrs;  th-v  were 
HlwuyH  viKihmt ,  ulwiiys  rviu\y  f.)r  uny  omorgency.  and  always  imcens. 
mn  III  tlieir  elVorts  Ui  inuinfjiin  the  motive  powl'r  in  the  hi^^hest  cmi- 
(liMonofelliciency.  Cliief  F.nKineer  Lonvu  .shinf,' hisu.Un  tht^'iigino 
room  \vliih«  in  tii.-  ico  in  order  U)  ))e  near  hiw  work  in  an  emerKency 

Chief  Kngineer  MelviUe-s  1 1<  was  so  chosen  hv  him  t.,  he  as  near 

tlie  engine  room  as  possihie  witlioiit  Iieing  actually  in  it.  Thegreiit 
experience  of  the  hitter  (.Ulcer  in  Arctic  matters  Jiud  det(>rmiiied  nio 
to  choose  him  for  a  sledK(!  journey  (.nw.ird  to  j.iidv  Franklin  Bay  if 
such  had  Immmi  necessary.  DnriiiK  the  cruise  northward  I  uviiik-l 
myself  of  his  expcMJeiUMt  in  many  matters  of  detail,  in  titting  sleds 
clothing,  aiiil  provisions  for  journeys;  h,.  is  too  well  known  to  you 
to  need  other  conimendiit ion  from  me  t  haii  for  his  entire  and  heart  y 
Hupportin  currying  out  the  j.iirposes  of  the  e\|)edition. 

Passed  Assistant  Surgeon  E.  If.  (Ireen.  of  (he  7'Ac//.v.  Pnssed  As- 
sistant  Surg''nM  II.  K.  Ames,  of  the  H,-<,r,  and  I'as.sed  A.ssistant  Sur- 
geon F.  S.  Nash,  of  the  Alcrl.  rendered  me  the  most  valuable  assist- 
ance in  their  constant  care  of  (he  .sanitary  conditions  of  the  ships; 

their  watchfiLl  attention  oft  I Ihcers  and  men  to  guard  them  against 

sickness,  (.r  to  relieve  them  when  injured,  were  prai-seworthy.  Our 
only  accidents  occurred  at  the  wheel;  they  were  caused  hy  large 
pieces  of  ice  rising  under  the  siern  and  .striking  the  rud(h'r  after  the 
ve.ssels  had  forced  their  way  over  t  hem  in  ranimiiig  through  the  (Iocs. 
Drs.  (Sreen  and  Ames  had  entire  charge  of  the  survivors  from  the 
time  when  discovered  until  our  return  home.  They  wenumremitdiig 
in  their  care  and  attention  to  them.  Thatauyof  the  rescued  ani 
now  alive,  aft(>r  their  unusual  ex|.osure  and  critical  condition  when 
found,  is  due  to  their  skill. 

Not  only  were  (hey  conspicuous  in  their  professional  duties  l.ul  in 
all  matters  connected  with  the  expedition;  on  hoard  siiip  .,r  on  (In. 
ice,  they  wer((  always  assisting. 

Ice  Mastjirs  Francis  Ash,  J.  W.  Norman,  and  David  1..  (iillnrd 
gave  in<i  much  assistance  in  discharging  their  duti(>s;  the  i  wo  former 
came  monf  ijumediately  under  my  ohservatiou. 

Mr.  Ash  is  a  niaii  of  high  character  and  merit.  He  is  a  thoiough 
sailor,  a  man  of  worth,  and  an  oHicer  whose  experience  and  judg- 
ment were  of  much  value  to  the  expe(liti<m. 

I  regret  that  differences  involving  the  di.scipline  of  the  ships  rc^- 
(piired  the  discharg(M.f  Mr.  (iid'ord  and  Mr.  Norman  immediately 
after  the  return  of  theexpeditif.u  to  the  United  States;  this  in  noway 
affected  the  value  of  their  services  in  the  ico  region  or  the  lieartines.s 
with  which  they  assisted  their  commanding  officers  Avhilo  there. 


ORKKI.Y    KKI.rKr   KXTROrTION, 


76 


The  splprtio!!  of  th,.  ..pfWH  (.(  Mi..  M,r,.,.  vohnpIs  was  fanltloBs;  I  cnu 
pay  thomon  wli..  c.miK.w'.l  tli.-iii  ii<.  liiKhortiitmi.'  tlmn  hy  iM-Hiinir 

t..Htnn..ny  I.,  Il,..ir  ....nstant  .1 ,Cul,„.s«.  tlu.ir  i„,stunt  ..hHlumce  of 

onl.TM.  llu.ir  iiic-Hsiiiit,  viKiluiic...  hikI  their  fmrlrHHiu-HM  iiridnr  nil  cir. 
oiimMtannoH  ..f  (laiiKor.  Th.-ro  w.-ro  no  i.t.niHl.,ii(.iith  on  l.o,inl  d,,. 
Hl.i|)H  mifilour  r"tniM(..civilii5Htiou,  mwl  the  fow  canm  then  w.-rn 
niiiMi'd  putircly  hy  rum. 

If  not. I  })rPftdiof  ofticiul  „tif,nott«  I  won  M  Htatn  that  our  hu.tosh 
in  th,.  work  which  woh,Ml  th-  honor  to  a,ro,„,,lish  waH  nm.h.  ooh- 
Hil)l..,  hi'Mt,  hythn  niunilicnnt  appropriation  of  the  (JonKi'.'HH  of  th.. 
Unit...l  Staf..8;  socnrl.  I.y  the  nnceaHin^  .'n.TKy  of  y....rH..If  an.!  th.. 
Nrn-taryot  War;  your  nmst..rly  .•onipr..hrnsi.,n  of  the  prohU.m  to 
I....S0IV...I  hy  (h<.<.xp...liti.,n;  yonr  indi.fatiKahh.  activity  in  fitting  it 
for  it^s  work,  nnrl  your  nnfhiKKi>'«  intcn'st  in  prvparini?  ^vrvthinK 
whicli  ..onc..rn...l  ils  sucvsh.  This  Hpirit  wan  cauKht  np  by  the  offi- 
rcrHan.l  ni.n  you  honorc.i  an.l  was  the  nuiinspriuK  of  ih.'ir  action 
wiion  ahHont.  Muvh  of  tho  kuccpss  of  the  ..xpcdition  is  .lu..  t..  you 
an.l  whon  I  say  this  T  only  conv.-y  to  you  tho  Hentimcnt  of  all  wh.'. 
wrv...!  with  nil.  m  ( Iuh I iMIcuit,  dangerous,  and  honcjrable  duty  which 
you  intrusttvl  tf>  our  charg... 

T  inclose  hen.wilh  a  seri.'s  of  ph<.toKrai)lis  to  illustrato  tho  condi- 
tions of  ic.  at  various  points  of  the  pussaKf  in  Melville  Bay  Th..sp 
photoKraphs  are  niinihere.!.  and  r.-pivsent  the  cf.nditions  of  ice  as 
ni.'t  hy  the  .'xp.'diti.pnary  ships;  th.>y  will  explain  much  hotter  than 
avolnm..ol  wor.ls  som<»  of  th..  .iifli.Milti.^s  which  were  emwintered 
and  soiiH.  of  the  reasons  why  delay  was  necessary  at  times;  further 
n't.Ten.v  to  th.^ni  in  th..  l)ody  of  this  ivport  is  therefore  unnecessary. 
The  track  chart  accompanying  contains  the  route  pursu...!  by  the 
shiim  on  the  outwar.1  an.l  homewur.l  j.)urnoy;  the  data  on  its  marRin 
explains  itself.  ° 

In  .•on.-lusi..n.  I  beg  t.)  ii.ank  y.m  for  your  earnest,  prompt,  and 
oniial  support  in  prepariiiK  the  exix-ditionary  f.)rce  for  its  work 
and.  abov..n11.  for  the  lasting  honor  c..nf(.rred  upon  mo  and  upon  the 
.)flic..rs  jind  men  composing  it  in  connecting  <mr  names  and  .mr  efforts 
with  yours  in  a  n.lief  which  ha.1  tilled  the  nation,  an.l  indoe<l  the 
civilized  world,  with  the  gravest  s.dicitiide  for  a  year  past. 

I  .•ongratulate  you  on  the  achievement  of  this  expedition,  fitted 
under  your  personal  obsor A'ation  and  care. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obe.lient  servant, 

W.  S.  SCHLEY, 
ComiiKUKhr,  TT.  S.  Nnvif, 
Commanding  Oreely  Relief  Expedition  of  1*884. 


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